Classical Tragedy Greek Theater. Tragedy Defined by Aristotle – An imitation of action that is serious and considered noble. Defined by Aristotle – An.

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Presentation transcript:

Classical Tragedy Greek Theater

Tragedy Defined by Aristotle – An imitation of action that is serious and considered noble. Defined by Aristotle – An imitation of action that is serious and considered noble. Helps us understand the nature of the universe (the good and the bad). Helps us understand the nature of the universe (the good and the bad).

Tragedy (continued) Tragedy shows what happens when people disobeyed the laws of the gods. Tragedy shows what happens when people disobeyed the laws of the gods. The intent of the Greek tragedy was to show: The intent of the Greek tragedy was to show: Terrible things befell the proud or those who crossed the gods Terrible things befell the proud or those who crossed the gods

Tragic Hero Person of high status, neither good nor bad Person of high status, neither good nor bad Twists of fate play a hand in the character’s destruction. Twists of fate play a hand in the character’s destruction. Often dominated by hubris (arrogant pride). Often dominated by hubris (arrogant pride).

Tragic Flaw (Hamartia) The trait, which can be positive, that brings the character’s downfall. The trait, which can be positive, that brings the character’s downfall. Examples Examples Poor judgment Poor judgment Pride (hubris) Pride (hubris) Weakness Weakness Excess of - Excess of - Admirable quality Admirable quality i.e. yetzer hara

Poetic Justice Everyone gets what s/he deserves in the end (including the hero).

Catharsis We experience pity and fear for the tragic hero when he suffers his downfall and his fortunes are reversed. We experience pity and fear for the tragic hero when he suffers his downfall and his fortunes are reversed. We could be in their place too. We could be in their place too. We learn how to be better people. We learn how to be better people.

Deus Ex Machina “God in the Machine” “God in the Machine” Gives a formal, though contrived conclusion to the play. Gives a formal, though contrived conclusion to the play.

Components The plays were part of a week-long religious event in honor of Dionysus. The plays were part of a week-long religious event in honor of Dionysus. Dionysus is the Greek god of wine and fertility. Dionysus is the Greek god of wine and fertility. He was also the patron saint of Greek theater. He was also the patron saint of Greek theater.

Components (cont’d) Thespis – the first actor. Thespis – the first actor. At first, plays consisted of a CHORUS with chanting and singing. At first, plays consisted of a CHORUS with chanting and singing.

Chorus Serves as commentator on the action. Serves as commentator on the action. Models appropriate reactions from the audience. Models appropriate reactions from the audience. Shows passage of time and provides history. Shows passage of time and provides history.

Costumes Costumes consisted of Costumes consisted of Long sleeved robes Long sleeved robes Boots Boots Masks Masks Masks identified Masks identified characters and amplified voice.

Parts of a Greek Play Prologue – First scene Prologue – First scene Exposition – speech providing background information and plot summary Exposition – speech providing background information and plot summary Parados – Entry of the chorus Parados – Entry of the chorus Episodes (5) – action performed by actors Episodes (5) – action performed by actors Stasima – performed by chorus, commentary Stasima – performed by chorus, commentary Exodos – final scene. exit actors and chorus Exodos – final scene. exit actors and chorus

Greek Theater The Greek theater was cut into a hillside, much like an outdoor concert, with steps leading down to the stage.

Orchestra-where the Chorus stood, danced, and performed Skene-building with three doors used for backdrop, entrance and exit of actors; housed dressing rooms and stage machinery Altar-for sacrifices

Theatron-seating on hillside in open air Seats of honor- Seating area for dignitaries, priests and public officials Parados-points of entry of chorus (usually enter singing, chanting: ODE- song chanted by Chorus)

Sophocles Rules!