CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 34 ELO D EXECUTE MOTOR MOVEMENT

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 35 Direction of Traffic COLUMN FORMATION  Two-lane roads  75m to 100m interval  Average speed 50 mph Gun Truck Task Vehicle Control Vehicle

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 36 Direction of Traffic INVERTED “T” FORMATION  Four-lane roads  Convoy runs center line  75m to 100m interval  Average speed 50 mph Gun Truck Task Vehicle Control Vehicle

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 37 Direction of Traffic DIAMOND FORMATION  Six-lane roads and larger  Convoy runs center lane  75m to 100m interval  Speed may be decreased Gun Truck Task Vehicle Control Vehicle

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 38 ORGANIZE THE CONVOY  Place a gun truck as the lead vehicle  Place experienced, senior driver in the first task vehicle  Place the convoy CDR’s vehicle to best facilitate control  Place a gun truck behind commander’s vehicle  Place convoy NCOIC in rearward vehicle w/ CLS  Place wrecker/maintenance team near the rear  Place a gun truck as the last vehicle Wrecker/ Maintenance Team Direction of Travel Gun Truck Convoy Commander Gun Truck Task Vehicles Task Vehicles NCOIC/ CLS

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 39 MAINTAIN SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Scan the road ahead and to each side 9 1 DRIVER 11 4 ASS’T DRIVER/ VEHICLE CDR

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 40 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS: WHAT YOU SHOULD WATCH FOR  Suspicious movement on overpasses  Abandoned or broken down vehicles  Foreign objects  Sudden activity as convoy approaches

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 41 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS (Continued)  Local nationals dispersing or disappearing  Suspicious movement in upper floor windows  Animal-drawn carts or wagons  Fresh concrete work  Signs of tampering, exposed wires, or objects attached to the backsides of guardrails

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 42 SITUATIONAL AWARENESS (Continued)  Keep close watch on the trail element  Ensure weapons movement is obvious and deliberate  Train crew-served weapons in direction of perceived threats  Require all personnel to wear helmets, body armor, and eye protection at all times

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 43 MAINTAIN CONVOY DISCIPLINE (DAYLIGHT)  Ensure vehicle interval is established and maintained  Adjust/reduce vehicle interval in built-up areas  Do not engage service drive lights  Ensure all vehicles run at established convoy speed  Ensure serial/march unit gaps are as specified in SOP/OPORD  Ensure checkpoint reports are received and relayed to higher headquarters  Relay significant operational changes to higher HQ

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 44 MAINTAIN CONVOY DISCIPLINE (NIGHT)  Establish and maintain vehicle interval  Adjust/reduce interval in built-up areas  Reduce interval to accommodate use of blackout drive (service drive lights may be appropriate)  Adjust convoy speed according to visibility/road conditions  Implement use of Driver Vision Enhancers (DVE)  Employ night vision devices  Ensure serial/march gaps are as specified in SOP/OPORD

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 45 MAINTAIN COMMUNICATIONS  FM radio network  Movement Tracking System (MTS)  Force XXI Battle Command Brigade-and-Below (FBCB2)  Pyrotechnics  Hand and arm signals  Audio signals  Field expedients

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 46 CONDUCT ACTIONS AT THE HALT

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 47 ACTIONS AT THE HALT  Stop column at prescribed time and location (scheduled halts)  Report halt to higher headquarters  Exercise caution when moving vehicles off the road  Drivers remain in vehicles with engines running for short halts  Assistant drivers dismount and check the immediate area for IEDs, mines, etc.

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 48 ACTIONS AT THE HALT (Continued)  Asst drivers initiate perimeter security  Crew-served weapons stay mounted, stagger orientation  Trail elements maintain rear security  Keep civilians away from vehicles  Position gun trucks to cover likely avenues of approach/ dead space  Position vehicles to blend with surroundings if possible  Perform PMCS

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 49 ACTIONS AT THE HALT (Continued)  Notify maintenance officer of needed repairs  Inspect vehicle loads at every stop  Perform PMCS/function checks on weapons  Refuel and rearm  Recover security on order to move  Conduct headcount prior to departure  Conduct departure at specified time in movement order  Report resumption of march to higher headquarters

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 50 IMPLEMENT ACTIVE/PASSIVE DEFENSE MEASURES Maximize concealment  Cover shiny surfaces  If the mission dictates, cover vehicle bumper markings  Exercise noise and light discipline

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 51 SUPPORT THE DECEPTION STORY  Camouflage or disguise high-priority cargo to resemble something else  Cover or otherwise obscure labels and markings on any containers or visible cargo to prevent ready detection* * Do not alter cargo labels or markings without command approval

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 52 REACT TO MAN-MADE ROAD OBSTACLES

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 53 MAN-MADE OBSTACLES  Identify obstacle as far away as possible  Halt only if there is no alternative  Scan for potential IEDs and enemy activity  Do not halt inside the projected kill zone  Send SITREP and SALUTE report to higher headquarters

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 54 MAN-MADE OBSTACLES (Continued)  Identify alternate route, if available  If halt is necessary, keep vehicles running  Engage enemy with suppressive fire if encountered  Breach the obstacle if possible

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 55 REACT TO HUMAN OBSTACLES

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 56 REACT TO HUMAN OBSTACLES  Identify as far away as possible  Bypass if possible  Assume hostile intent on the part of the crowd  Adopt aggressive posture  Position gun truck in overwatch position  Push vehicles slowly through crowd while sounding horns  Fire warning shots over the heads of anyone refusing to move  Send SITREP to higher headquarters  Continue the mission

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 57 REACT TO HUMAN OBSTACLES (CONTINUED) Remember, when confronted by a crowd:  Do not stop  Always assume hostile intent  Do not appease, feed, or give them anything  You must force your way through

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 58 REACT TO HEAVY TRAFFIC

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 59 REACT TO HEAVY TRAFFIC  Gun trucks stop traffic at intersections  All personnel remain mounted  Keep vehicles running  Maintain constant internal communication  If unable to clear the area, maintain alert posture  If halted in a vulnerable position, deploy gun trucks onto the opposing traffic lane to clear traffic  Provide higher headquarters with detailed SITREP

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 60 ELO E DEFEND AGAINST ATTACK

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 61 WEAPON ENGAGEMENT SKILLS  Ball-to-tracer ratio M16: 2:1 Machine guns: 4:1  Last rounds should all be tracers

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 62 SECTORS OF FIRE AND SCAN FIRE SCAN Driver: 9-11 o’clock Asst. Driver: 1-3 o’clock Driver: 9-1 o’clock Asst. Driver: 11-4 o’clock

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 63 WEAPON ENGAGEMENT METHODS  Lead-burst method  Drivers fire rifles, semi-automatic only  Aiming points: Gunner moving, target stationary: aim low and short of target Gunner stationary, target moving: aim low and lead target Gunner and target moving: aim on line and low

CONVOY SURVIVABILITY 64 CREW AND BATTLE DRILLS EXIT/ENTER VEHICLE UNDER FIRE ENEMY FIRE FRIENDLY FIRE