“The Blueprint of Life”

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End Show Slide 1 of 37 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology.

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Presentation transcript:

“The Blueprint of Life” Chapter 12: DNA “The Blueprint of Life”

Chapter 12.1 (Pg. 338-343): Identifying the Substance of Genes

What makes up a gene? Scientists wanted to understand chemical nature of the gene Frederick Griffith Wanted to know how bacteria cause pneumonia in mice Isolated two similar types (strains) of bacteria S Strain: causes pneumonia R Strain: harmless

Griffith’s Experiments Injected mice with different bacteria S Strain: Mouse Died R Strain: Mouse Lives S Strain (Heated): Mouse Lives S Strain (Heated) and R Strain: Mouse Dies What Happened?

Transformation The harmless bacteria changed into the disease causing bacteria Some ‘chemical factor’ transferred from the heat-killed S Strain cells into the living R Strain cells The ability to cause disease was inherited by the R Strain

What is the Chemical Factor? 1944: Oswald Avery Mixed heat-killed S strain and R Strain bacteria with different enzymes

Hershey-Chase Experiment 1952: Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase Used bacterial viruses to identify genetic material Bacteriophage: virus that infects bacteria by injecting its genetic information Contain DNA core and protein coat

Hershey-Chase Experiment Used radioactive phosphorous and sulfur Acted as markers All radioactivity in bacteria was phosphorous Concluded that genetic material of bacteriophage was DNA

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