DNAStructureandReplication. Transformation: Robert Griffith (1928)

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Presentation transcript:

DNAStructureandReplication

Transformation: Robert Griffith (1928)

DNA is the Transformer: Avery (1944)

Chromosomes and DNA

DNA has 4 Bases

Four DNA Bases AdenineThymine Guanine Cytosine

The Sugar Deoxyribose

The Nucleotides A G T C

AdenineThymine Adenine pairs with Thymine Hydrogen Bonding

GuanineCytosine Guanine pairs with Cytosine Hydrogen Bonding

DNA

Genes and Base Pairs: A Comparison Species Genes (estimated) Base Pairs Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 6,00012 million Round Worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) 19,00099 million Mouse (Mus musculus) 40,0003 billion Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) 13, million Human (Homo sapiens) 40,0003 billion

The “Central Dogma”

Possible Modes of DNA Replication

Replication: 5’ to 3’ Direction ONLY Continuous replication on one strand Discontinuous replication on one strand

DNA Replication is Catalyzed by Enzymes

DNA Polymerase Adds Complementary Bases

DNA Polymerase Sees Errors

DNA Polymerase Repairs Errors