Warm-Up: On a sheet of notebook paper, answer the following questions using complete sentences. You will TURN IN for a grade. What do you think that some of the differences in healthcare would be between a city (like Austin) and a small rural town (like Elgin)? What are some of the different needs of people living in the rural area (the country) when compared with the needs of people in the urban area (the city)? Time Limit: 5 minutes

What are some differences in Healthcare between urban and rural settings House Bill 7 (77th Legislature) created the Office of Rural Community Affairs (ORCA) and set forth the following requirement: “The office shall…compile an annual report describing and evaluating the condition of rural communities.” Policy goals and statements from participants include: -Ensure access to primary healthcare -Provide more incentives to attract healthcare providers and services to rural areas.

Introduction to Health Care Systems and Trends

Health Care Industry The Health care Industry is the largest service industry in the United States. American’s spent $1.1 trillion on health care in 1997. American’s spent $2.26 trillion on health care in 2007; more than any other country in the world. 3 million new jobs will be created in a 10 year period (2006-2016) to meet growing health care needs. This industry employs over 13 million workers in more than 200 different health careers.

Health Care Facilities and Services What is a health care facility? List some examples of health care facilities:

Health Care Facilities Hospitals - come in various sizes and types of service given Small Hospitals – provide basic needs of the community. Treat infections and broken bones. Large hospitals - provide highest levels of treatment, patient education, and research. Ex: Diabetes education classes General Hospitals - treat a wide range of conditions, which could include serious injuries from accidents and serious illness

Health Care Facilities Specialty Hospitals – offer specialized care for certain populations, such as surgery, cancer, pediatrics, psychiatrics and orthopedics (bone, joint and muscle disease), and burns. Ex: Dell Children’s Medical Center, Shriner’s Hospital for Children, Veterans Administration Hospitals, University Medical Centers

Review…. Which one is not a specialty hospital? Dell Children’s Hospital M.D. Anderson Cancer Hospital St David’s Hospital Heart Hospital of Austin

Hospitals Goal of Hospital Care To help control costs of hospital care, patient care initiatives have been developed to decrease the number and length of patient stays. Also to provide and maintain the level of care and staff needed to care for the community. The hospital must still maintain a certain occupancy rate in order to meet its operating costs.

Inpatient vs. Outpatient Services Inpatient - treatment to a patient in the hospital that requires an overnight stay Outpatient - treatment or services give to someone that does not require an overnight stay 60% of surgeries do NOT require an overnight stay Ex: rehabilitation, X-ray, day surgeries, physical therapy services

Review….. All of the following are considered outpatient services except: Round Rock Dialysis Center Austin Radiological Association Clinic HEB RediClinic Medical/Surgical Unit inside Round Rock Hospital

Long Term Care Facilities Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) - a nursing home or geriatric home for people who do not require hospitalization, but are not able to live at home This is a fast growing area in health care and provides multiple job opportunities for health care workers.

Two types of Nursing Homes Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) - provides nursing and rehabilitation services around the clock. Clients need care due to illness or recovering from illness, injury, or surgery

Two Types of Nursing Homes Assisted Living Residence Provides housing, meals and personal care to individuals who need help with activities of daily living (ADLs), but do not need daily nursing care. May also be called Independent Living. ADL’s – Personal hygiene Dressing Grooming Eating Toileting

Home Health Care Providers Reasons to need Home Health: To meet the needs of aging population To save money To help the patient have a better quality of life in the comfort of their own home. Advanced equipment can be used in a home.

Home Health Care Providers There is a wide range of professionals who deliver health care to patients at home: Respiratory therapy, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, nursing, home health aide and many others Home health agencies are licensed and regulated by the state to ensure patient care safety.

Health Care Facilities What services are provided in the following facilities? Dental offices Optical Centers Clinics Laboratories Mental health Rehabilitation Diagnostic Centers School Health Services

Review A person could receive immunizations at all of the following except: School Nurse office Health Clinic Clinical Laboratory Pathology (CPL) Medical Clinic (family practice)

Hospice This refers to palliative care and support provided to dying, terminally ill patients (with a life expectancy of 6 months or less) and their families The goal of hospice is to make the patient’s last days as comfortable and pain-free as possible “Patient to die with dignity and in comfort.” Services provided: medical, emotional and spiritual

Government Health Services Agencies developed to protect the health of the American public Examples: National Institute of Health (NIH) conducts research on all types of diseases Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Provide information and tools that people and communities need to protect their health health promotion, disease prevention, and preparedness for new health threats.

Government Health Services cont’d Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) enforce safety and health laws that protects workers from job-related injuries and illnesses Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) gives workers and their families who lose their health insurance benefits the right to choose to continue those benefits despite job loss

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Ensures that foods are safe, pure, and wholesome Enforces that therapeutic drugs are safe and effective Enforces that cosmetics are safe.

Government Health Services What services do these agencies provide? World Health Organization (WHO) - sets global health standards and monitors and assesses health trends. US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) - health services for all ages, fund the CDC, FDA, and NIH State Health Department - Medicaid, WIC, food stamps (Lone Star) Local Health Department - vaccination clinics, services for the deaf, emergency services for basic household needs, veterans assistance In addition to serving the public, all of these agencies provide opportunity for employment as a health care worker.

Non-profit Agencies ACS - American Cancer Society AHA - American Heart Association ADA – American Diabetic Association NBCF - National Breast Cancer Foundation All are supported by contributions These agencies provide opportunity for employment to health care workers.

Healthcare Trends Group Activity! Discuss your trend Look over the section in your textbook that apply to your topic (p. 15-22) Brainstorm how to illustrate and what important facts/information to include on your poster Create your healthcare trends poster Be prepared to share with the class