TAKS Review in DyKnow Objective 1, 2, and 3 NOTE: For any of these slides, your work may be retrieved in order to assess how you are doing. Please visit id=793, scroll down, and click on “exit level” science for an excellent study guide resource! id=793

Objective 2

Put these in order from 1(smallest) to 5 (largest). Tissues _____ Cells _____ Organs _____ Organism_______ Organ System _____

Obj. 2 Prokaryote Eukaryotes

Tiny Organs= Organelles They remind me of… -ER (endoplasmic reticulum) -Nucleus -Vacuole -Cell Wall -Cell Membrane -Mitochondria -Chloroplast -Golgi Apparatus

If the cell membrane is like a door…it needs to move items in and out. Label the types of transport below. Word Bank: Active transport, diffusion, and facilitated diffusion.

Osmosis Practice What does “osmosis” mean? The below dialysis bags are similar to cell membranes in that they are selectively permeable. They allow water to travel in and out but prevent many solutes from passing in or out. The below numbers show different concentrations of salt. For each beaker, draw an arrow showing whether water will move from the bag into the beaker or from the beaker into the bag. The first has been done for you.

Which of these is a function of the cell membrane in all cells? A Producing cellular nutrients B Preserving cellular wastes C Neutralizing chemicals D Maintaining homeostasis

Photosynthesis and Respiration ProcessFormulaReactants (input)Products (output) Found where? Photosynthesis6CO 2 + 6H 2 O ==> C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 RespirationC 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 ==> 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O

Which is a characteristic of members of the plant kingdom that distinguishes them from members of the animal kingdom? A Storage of energy in chemical bonds B Exchange of H2O with the environment C Use of mRNA during protein production D Use of chlorophyll for solar- energy transformation

MacromoleculeMonomers (Building blocks) Function Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins

Enzymes What kind of biomolecule are enzymes? _________________

What kind of biomolecule is DNA? ___________________________ Color all the sugars (deoxyribose) red. Color the phosphates yellow. Fill in the matching bases.

A Adenine and thymine pair with each other. B Adenine binds with phosphates, while thymine binds with nitrates. C Adenine and thymine are identical in chemical composition. D Adenine bases contain a form of thymine. Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms within a single species. Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine. Which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is nearly 1:1?

The information in the box identifies some of the organs of the kitten. Which of the following is identical for every cell in each of the four organs? A Amount of ATP B Function of cell C Size of cells D Genes in DNA

DNA Workshop Activity Link When you copy DNA, you make more _______________________________. In transcription, you make _____________. In translation you make: _______________.

This illustration is an example of a normal DNA sequence. Which of the following represents a single base change in the sequence? A.A. B.B. C.C. D.D.

Cells Alive The link is We will also look at cell division on this site (mitosis and meiosis). Answer mitosis or meiosis for the following. ______________________________Creates body cells ______________________________Creates sex cells. ______________________________Creates 4 haploid cells. ______________________________Creates 2 diploid cells.

Genetic Problems Tt, tt, TT *Please write the red symbols in the correct place. Homozygous dominant:________ Homozygous recessive:________ Heterozygous: _________

Practice Genetic Problem The allele “T” (tall) is dominant to “t” (short) in a type of plant. If a heterozygous plant is crossed with a short plant, what will the offspring be?

A. Uses antibodies to protect body B. Supports body and protects organs C. Transports oxygen and nutrients D. Involves movement E. Controls the body F. Involved with gases G. Breaks down food H. Produces offspring I. Releases hormones J. Filters waste

Hemoglobin carries oxygen to body cells. Which body system contains hemoglobin? A Circulatory system B Respiratory system C Endocrine system D Nervous system

Pelicans prevent serious wing damage by entering the water in the manner shown above. Which two organ systems in the pelican work together the most to accomplish this maneuver? A Circulatory and nervous systems B Nervous and muscular systems C Muscular and digestive systems D Digestive and circulatory systems

By each kingdom, write (1) whether they are prokaryotes or eukaryotes and (2) autotrophs, heterotrophs, or can be both.

Which two are closest related? Circle them.

Label. Circle which part photosynthesis occurs in.

Circle the structure where pollen is formed. Draw an arrow showing where it has to land for pollination to occur.

Objective 3

Why are these adaptations beneficial? Broad Leaf? Height? Deep roots? Narrow spines? Leaf stomata (bottom of leaf)

Some mesquite trees have deeper roots than any other plant in the desert. How are deep roots an adaptation for survival in the desert? F Deep roots can protect the tree from predators. G Roots encounter cooler conditions far below the desert surface. H Roots can extend great distances to reach water. J Deep roots interact with beneficial bacteria below the surface.

Virus vs. Bacteria -Can cause disease -So small, cannot be seen by light microscope -Needs host to reproduce -Is a prokaryote -Is not living -Can be destroyed by Antibiotic -Can be prevented with vaccine -Can move with flagella -Has genetic material -Can be beneficial decomposer -Can be helpful with digestion

Which of the following is found in both cells and viruses? A Silica B Genetic material C Digestive cavity D Flagella

Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply? A Chloroplasts from a host cell B A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus C New ADP from a host cell D A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA

Which of the following cannot metabolize nutrients? F G H I

People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of dying from secondary infections. Which of these best explains how HIV increases the danger of secondary infections? A HIV produces antigens that damage red blood cells. B HIV adds genetic material from harmful microbes. C HIV destroys helper T cells. D HIV consumes beneficial microbes in the body.

Many species of bacteria can be found in the human mouth. Which of these explains the great variety of bacteria in the mouth? F Large volumes of air cause bacteria to change form. G Salivary glands cause mutations in bacterial populations. H The presence of nutrients makes the mouth a favorable habitat. J Calcium in the teeth provides a suitable pH environment.

F Photosynthesis occurring G Wood regenerating H Decomposers growing J Genes transforming The picture shows a piece of rotting wood. Which of these does the picture demonstrate?

F It limits water loss through transpiration. G It conserves oxygen produced in photosynthesis. H It recycles carbon dioxide within plant systems. J It protects plant tissues from predators. Cacti grow slowly compared to most other plants. The fact that cacti keep their stomata closed for much of the day can help explain this growth characteristic. Which of these best explains the advantage of keeping stomata closed during the day?

Fill in: Primary consumers, secondary consumers, producers, decomposers, scavengers Circle carnivores in red. Circle herbivores in green. Circle decomposers in black.

Which one of these is a food web based on the relationships described in the box above? ABCD

Mom, look what the cat dragged in! Which of the following best describes the situation of the mother cat caring for the orphan skunks? A.Mutualism B.Commensalism C.Predation D.Territorialism

About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed to the next level. What usually happens to the energy that is not passed to the next trophic level or used to carry out life processes? A It is given off as heat. B It is stored as vitamins. C It is used in reproduction. D It is used in protein synthesis.

According to this phylogenetic tree, which other lizard would be the most closely related to this circled one? YEARS # of moths Answer: If the trees are darkened by the pollution, then the darker moths will have more fitness and reproduce more often as the lighter ones are easier to see and fall victim to predators. The dark moths pass on their genes to their offspring since the light ones are selected against. This is natural selection.