EFFECTIVE & ECONOMIC SURFACTANTS FOR IOR Oil Chem Technologies, Inc. Sugar Land, TX EFFECTIVE & ECONOMIC SURFACTANTS FOR IOR Oil Chem Technologies, Inc. Sugar Land, TX

WHAT COMES TO MIND WHEN THE PRODUCTION OF YOUR WELLS START TO DECLINE?

Primary Recovery Secondary Recovery Tertiary Recovery ChemicalThermalGas

Primary Recovery Secondary Recovery Tertiary Recovery ChemicalThermalGas

IOR BY CHEMICAL FLOOD Never really took off the ground for the past two decades: - Reasons? n Sensitivity to oil price n Large up-front investment n Unpredictable return on investment

However, n Extensive lab evaluations support the feasibility of chemical flooding n Field data proves chemical flooding is an effective way to recover residual oil n New chemicals and processes open the door for new opportunities

HOW TO REACH SUCCESS?

n S elect the proper project n U tilize the expertise of all involved n C hemical optimization n C ost efficiency n E valuate the lab results n S elect the best process n S tart the project

n S elect the proper project n U tilize the expertise of all involved n C hemical optimization n C ost efficiency n E valuate the lab results n S elect the best process n S tart the project

OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES WHAT MAKES US DIFFERENT…...  State-of-the-art IOR surfactants  Many years of research & industrial experience  Field proven products  Customized products for each project One process or product doesn’t fit all One process or product doesn’t fit all

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPILLARY NUMBER AND OIL RECOVERY Chatzis and Morrow, SPEJ, (1994) 561. Nc = µ /  Nc = Capillary Number = Darcy Velocity = Darcy Velocity µ = Viscosity  = Interfacial Tension

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling Up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

ASP SURFACTANTS ORS & ORS-HF SERIES

ADVANTAGES  Field Proven  Consistent quality  Low concentration required  One component system  Low viscosity

SHO-VEL-TUM FIELD n On production > 40 yrs, extensive water flood, produced 4 bbl/day n ASP started on 2/98, using Na 2 CO 3 and ORS- 62 n Total incremental oil > 10,444 bbl in 1.3 years SPE 84904

OIL SATURATION AFTER ASP INJECTION SPE 84904

ORS-41 ORS-62 ORS-97 ORS-46HF ORS-41HF ORS-57HF SS-7593 ORS-41HFORS-62HF(2)SS-B6688 INJECTED, ON-GOING & APPROVED PROJECTS

SELECTED REFERENCES USING ORS SURFACTANTS  SPE 84904, 84075, 71491, 57288, 49018,  Hart’s Petroleum Engineering International, Dec  DOE/PC/ (OSTI ID: 3994)

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

LOW ALKALI SURFACTANT POLYMER FLOOD (LASP) LOW ALKALI SURFACTANT POLYMER FLOOD (LASP)

ASP - POTENTIAL PROBLEMS? After extensive ASP flood in China, results were successful, however: After extensive ASP flood in China, results were successful, however: n Alkali causes corrosion of the equipment n Scale forms in the formation n Produced wells plugged and require fracturing treatment to produce oil again n Alkali is detrimental to polymer viscosity n Extra polymer, NaOH and maintenance costs SPE 71492, 71061

ASP LASP ASP LASP n Combines the advantages of ASP and SP n Use 0.1 – 0.6% alkali n Reduces surfactant adsorption n Reduces polymer degradation n Reduce the maintenance cost n Reduce the scale formation n Reduces the total cost of the treatment

ASP vs. LASP Common ASP: 0.1% surf. / 1.0% NaOH Common LASP: 0.1% surf. / 0.2% NaOH ASP vs. LASP Common ASP: 0.1% surf. / 1.0% NaOH Common LASP: 0.1% surf. / 0.2% NaOH ASPLASP AS, $ / bbl $0.63$0.29 Polymer Cost Due to NaOH $$$ $$$$ Equipment Corrosion $$$ $$$$ Scale Formation $$$ $$$$

LASP - IFT vs. % NaOH 0.1% ORS-62HF, TDS ~ 3,500 ppm, API Gravity ~ 40, Temp ~ 40 C, 0.1% ORS-62HF, TDS ~ 3,500 ppm, API Gravity ~ 40, Temp ~ 40 C,

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

SUPER SURFACTANTS SS Series

ADVANTAGES  Super Effective Ultra-Low concentration requiredUltra-Low concentration required (0.02% - 0.2%) (0.02% - 0.2%) Provides ultra-low IFTProvides ultra-low IFT  Super Convenient No alkali is requiredNo alkali is required No water treatment is requiredNo water treatment is required

ADVANTAGES - Continued  Super Tolerant High TDS brineHigh TDS brine High divalent cationsHigh divalent cations High temperaturesHigh temperatures

ADVANTAGES - Continued  Super Savings SurfactantSurfactant AlkaliAlkali PolymerPolymer Water treatmentWater treatment Sludge disposalSludge disposal Surface equipmentSurface equipment Potential scale formationPotential scale formation Equipment maintenanceEquipment maintenance

SS IN HIGH SALINITY BRINE TDS ~190,000ppm, Ca, Mg ~ 95,000 ppm Temp. ~ 50 C, API Gravity ~ 35

SS IN HIGH TEMP. HEAVY CRUDE TDS ~ 250 PPM, TEMP.~ 100 C, API GRAVITY ~15

SELECTED REFERENCES USING SS SURFACTANTS n SPE – SPE IOR Meeting, April, 2002 April, 2002 n SPE – SPE Oil Field Chemistry Meeting, Feb., 2003

ON-GOING LAB EVALUATION STAGE PROJECTS

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTION n Surfactant lost through adsorption n Changes disadvantage to advantage n Desorbing the adsorbed surfactant n Reduce IFT n Recovers additional oil J.Pet. Sci. & Eng. 2004

IOR BY SURFACTANT ADSORPTION-DESORPTION J.Pet. Sci. & Eng w A/S A/S/WA/S/A

IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT n Residual surfactant, polymer, alkali present in the effluent n Process identifies chemicals in effluent and recycles back to reservoir n Savings on chemical costs n Savings on disposal & treatment costs n Recovers additional oil over ASP SPE 84075

IOR BY RECYCLING ASP EFFLUENT 0.15% ORS-62HF, 1.0% NaOH, 1000 PPM polymer SPE 84075

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up New arylalkyl sulfonateNew arylalkyl sulfonate

SMART SURFACTANT SMART SURFACTANT n One component system n Provides low IFT and proper viscosity n Salt and divalent cation tolerant n No water treatment required n No polymer required n No dissolving or hydration unit required n Minimal up-front investment n Minimal risk factor US Patent Pending

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SURFACTANT FLOOD

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SMART SURFACTANT

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SMART SURFACTANT™ InjectorProducer

35000 TDS, 1700 Ca/Mg 0.1% surfactant 0.6% smart surfactant

PRESENTATION OUTLINE PRESENTATION OUTLINE n Why do we need surfactant n ASP n LASP n Super Surfactant n New products & new ideas IOR by adsorption-desorptionIOR by adsorption-desorption IOR by recycling effluentIOR by recycling effluent Smart SurfactantSmart Surfactant n Scaling up

ENLARGED FIELD FLOOD n Raw material supply SourceSource AvailabilityAvailability n Manufacturing Location Shipping, tax, etc.Shipping, tax, etc. Improve local economyImprove local economy  Capital investment Up-front investmentUp-front investment Operational costOperational cost By-productsBy-products n Flexibility of the plant

NEW ARYL ALKYL SULFONIC ACID (AASA) US PATENT NO. 6,043,391

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA n Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large volume at desired MW n One-step alkylation/sulfonation Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA n Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large volume at desired MW n One-step alkylation/sulfonation n No costly alkylation unit required Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33

CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS Conventional Olefin + Aromatic Alkylate Alkylate + SO 3 AASA New Olefin + SO 3 Olefin Sulfonic Acid Olefin Sulfonic Acid + Aromatic AASA J. Surf. & Deterg. 5 (1) 39-43

CONVENTIONAL VS. NEW PROCESS (80,000 MT/Yr) Equipment CONVENTIONAL PROCESS NEW PROCESS Alkylation Unit $75 – 80 million* 0 Sulfonation Unit $16 million $16 million Neutralization Unit $2 Million $2 Million $2 Million * Handbook of Petroleum Refining Process (1996) p 1.62

ADVANTAGES OF NEW AASA n Abundant raw material supply n Can be made in large volume at desired MW n One-step alkylation/sulfonation n No costly alkylation unit required n More electrolyte tolerant than conventional alkylaryl sulfonates Tenside Surf. Det. 41 (2004) 31-33

Need Recommendations for surfactants ? To: Oil Chem Technologies SS-7593 Total Bill Total Bill = $ 0.00

OIL CHEM TECHNOLOGIES l We care about our customers l Your success is our success OCT

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