INTRODUCTION Functionalism

Something is a functional kind iff it can be analyzed in terms of a causal role (e.g., something is an F iff it plays the F-role). F is realized by P in X iff P plays the F-role in X. A property is multiply realizable iff it can be realized by different things in different objects.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Cold Role Acute viral rhinopharyngitis, or acute coryza, usually known as the common cold, is a highly contagious, viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory system, primarily caused by picornaviruses (including rhinoviruses) or coronaviruses. The common cold virus is transmitted between people by one of two mechanisms: contact with the saliva or nasal secretions of an infected person or in aerosol form generated by coughing or sneezing. Common symptoms are sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, sneezing and coughing; sometimes accompanied by ‘pink eye’, muscle aches, fatigue, malaise, headaches, muscle weakness, and loss of appetite. Fever and extreme exhaustion are rare during a cold and are more usual in influenza. The symptoms of a cold usually resolve after about one week, but can last up to two. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.

The Pain Role The Pain Role:

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state,

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state, (2) typically caused by tissue damage,

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state, (2) typically caused by tissue damage, (3) which can result from kicking, burning, etc.

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state, (2) typically caused by tissue damage, (3) which can result from kicking, burning, etc. and (4) which commonly causes crying, frowning, and whimpering,

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state, (2) typically caused by tissue damage, (3) which can result from kicking, burning, etc. and (4) which commonly causes crying, frowning, and whimpering, as well as (5) anger, the desire for it to stop, the belief that one is in pain, etc.

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state, (2) typically caused by tissue damage, (3) which can result from kicking, burning, etc. and (4) which commonly causes crying, frowning, and whimpering, as well as (5) anger, the desire for it to stop, the belief that one is in pain, etc. (The symptoms of pain usually resolve after a moment, but can last longer. Symptoms may be more severe in infants and young children.)

The Pain Role The Pain Role: (1) An internal state, (2) typically caused by tissue damage, (3) which can result from kicking, burning, etc. and (4) which commonly causes crying, frowning, and whimpering, as well as (5) anger, the desire for it to stop, the belief that one is in pain, etc.

Functionalism Realizer Functionalism: Mental states are states that play a characteristic causal role. To be in pain is to be in the state that plays the pain role. Role Functionalism: Mental states are higher-order properties, like the property of having some state or other that plays the characteristic causal role. To be in pain is to be in some state or other that plays the pain role.