Brandon Ng 3o3(03)

 Also known as Artistic Skating  Olympic sport  Perform spins,jumps and intricate footwork on ice Watch an example of figure skating herehere 2010 Winter Olympics Champion : Kim Yuna

 Singles  Pair skating  Ice dancing  Synchronized skating  Adagio skating  A form of pair skating  Acrobatic skating  Combination of circus arts, artistic gymnastics skills  Special figures  Elaborate original designs on ice

 Made of many layers of leather  Very stiff to provide ankle support  Toe picks on the front of blade  Used for certain jumps  Blades are sharp to reduce friction, increasing speed  Newton’s law of inertia

 Ice is not slippery  When skating, one is skating on water in its liquid form  Ice melts when pressure is applied to it  The greater the pressure on a substance, the lower its freezing point

 A person’s weight is unable to melt ice under them  However, the sharp skate blade of the ice skates puts the weight of the skater on a small area  Allows skater to glide on a layer of water between the blade and the ice

 Travelling at speeds around 20mph  Completing four revolutions in the air  Land on one leg  Unable to defy gravity or laws of physics  Most people can barely jump high enough to make one revolution without touching the ground

 Torque  Force that leads to rotation  Linear motion  Motion along a straight line  Angular momentum  A conserved vector quantity that can be used to describe the overall state of a physical system  Vorticity  A concept describing horizontal rotation In the atmosphere

 Skate moves without falling down  Angular momentum helps stabilize the moving body, just like someone riding a bicycle  Skaters spread their arms then bring their hands closer to their bodies  Causing a large moment of inertia  Speed of spinning increases

 Spinning is also dependent on torque  Force must be applied some distance from the axis of rotation  ie. If I push a stationary person’s arms, he can spin, but if I push the middle of his body, he will barely move  Force is achieved by pushing the ice  Newton’s law of action-reaction forces  Multiple spins are accomplished with the result from the torque created by turning of one’s skates as one pushes off the ice

 The larger or further the force is from the axis of rotation, the larger the torque  The larger the torque, the greater the angular momentum, the more spins made Some skaters can reach rotation speeds of 7 revolutions during a jump, 420 revolutions per minute!

 Rotational speed increased by pulling in their hands closer to body  Reduces air resistance  Streches out their hands and legs for stability while landing Skaters can produce extreme angular momentum at take-off, that they might not be physically strong enough to counteract the G-forces experienced during the rotation. The G-force felt by the arms during a jump or spin may exceed 4Gs!

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