Citing Sources : What, When, Why, & How by C. Carroll and G. Lejeune 2012

To cite = to identify and give credit to the source of your information. site CITE IS sight RIGHT!

Why do we need to cite sources? To avoid plagiarism To avoid academic censure To recognize intellectual property To be honest and ethical

What needs to be cited…. Quotation = exact copy of author’s words with same capitalization, punctuation, etc. Paraphrase = Author’s idea put in your own words, approximately same length Borrowed idea = much shorter summary of author’s original idea. When NOT to cite? Objective facts that can be verified in at least 3 sources do not need to be cited.

Examples of What to Cite Quotation: Anne Bradstreet “ establishes that a woman can be wife, mother, Puritan, and poet without sacrificing any aspect of her life ” ( Young). Paraphrase: Bradstreet was able to balance her life as a wife and mother with her religious and professional obligations (Young). Summary of Idea: Bradstreet led the way for working mothers trying to balance their work and home lives (Young).

Where to Cite the Source? In-text citation rather than footnotes Modern Language Association (MLA) s At the end of the sentence, group of sentences, or paragraph where ideas are used Other formats are APA (Amer. Psychological Association) and Turabian/ Chicago (footnotes).

How to Cite the Source (Gibaldi ) Author’s last name in parentheses If author unknown, use title of work Followed by page number with NO PUNCTUATION Appropriate sentence punctuation FOLLOWS parentheses

Example of In-Text Citation: Author Known (adapted from Gibaldi 204) “As it turned out…the John Brown affair did little to soften Republican antislavery attitudes” (Sewell 516). Works Cited Sewell, Richard H. “The Republicans and John Brown.” The Complete History of American Slavery, ed. James Miller. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Print. Note: period to end sentence goes AFTER the close parenthesis

Example of In-Text Citation: Web page Bradstreet “is considered by many to be the first American poet, and … [hers] was the first book written by a woman to be published in the United States ” (“Anne”). Works Cited “Anne Bradstreet.” American Academy of Poets Web. (Jan. 3, 2012). Note: Use the “hanging indent” to indent every line after thethe first of each bibliography entry at least 5 spaces.

Example of In-Text Citation: Author Unknown (adapted from Gibaldi 216) Although most women in colonial America were illiterate, Bradstreet was extremely well educated (“To My Dear and Loving Husband”). Works Cited " To My Dear and Loving Husband." Poetry for Students, vol. 6. Farmington Hills, MI: Print.

Example of In-Text Citation: Author in Text If you introduce the quotation or idea with the author’s name in the text, you only need to include the page number in the parentheses. Example: As Sewell points out, “the John Brown affair did little to soften Republican antislavery attitudes” (516).

The Purpose of the In-text Citation (Gibaldi ) Word in parentheses of in-text citation = same word as the beginning of the Works Cited (bibliography) entry. This word serves as a signpost to the reader to find the full source in the Bibliography, or Works Cited list. May be author’s last name, title of article, title of book, or title of webpage. Long titles may be shortened in the in-text citation.

What Should I Include in a Works Cited Entry? : Print Sources Author (if known) – Last name, First name Title italicized (long work) or in “quotation marks” (short work) Publisher Place published Date published = copyright date Medium: for example, the word Print, Web, Interview, Videorecording, etc.

What Should I Include in a Works Cited Entry? : Online Sources Author (if known) – Last name, First name Title of webPAGE (ex: “Islam”) Title of webSITE (ex: Virtual Religion Index) Date posted (if known) Source of database/eBook. e.g. ”Available at WAHS Library.” The word Web to indicate an online source. URL optional (teacher discretion)(in brackets) Date you accessed the site Note: may need to return to Home page to find this info.

How Do I Format My List of Works Cited (Bibliography)? Title is Works Cited List sources in alphabetical order by first word – books & websites mixed together First word = Author’s last name or Title (if no author)

How Do I Format My List of Works Cited? cont’d Use Hanging Indent = Second line (+ beyond) is indented 5 spaces Double space between and within entries Do not number entries

ExampleExample Works Cited List Works Cited Sewell, Richard H. “The Republicans and John Brown.” The Complete History of American Slavery, ed. James Miller. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Print. " To My Dear and Loving Husband." Poetry for Students, vol. 6. Farmington Hills, MI: Print. “Young, Elizabeth V. " Anne Bradstreet: Overview" in Feminist Writers, edited by Pamela Kester-Shelton, St. James Press, Gale Literature Resource Center. Available from the WAHS Library. Web. (Jan. 8, 2012).

Noodle Tools Online Biblio Creator Subscription research aide at that will format your bibliography for you (but not your in-text citations) First time you use it, click Create a Personal ID and set up your own account that you may use throughout your years at WAHS If you have used Noodle Tools before, don’t create another account Enter school username and password first time only From then on, log in with the username and password you created

How to Use Noodle Tools Click on Create a New Project, then Bibliography Let’s you choose format: MLA, APA, Turabian If using MLA, choose Starter, not Advanced First question: what type of resource is it (book, database, etc.)? If you don’t have some of the info, just leave boxes blank When finished, save your work and print it

More Info on Citing Sources MLA Handbook Online (full text) MLA Handbook University of Wisconsin Writing Center Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) Purdue Online Writing Lab MLA Bibliography format (WAHS) MLA Bibliography format WAHS Library Reference Resources pageReference Resources

Works Cited “Anne Bradstreet.” Academy of American Poets Web. (Jan. 3, 2012). Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 5 th ed. New York: the Modern Language Association of American, c1999. Print. “MLA Research Paper” (Daly). (April 2, 2003). Web. “Researching and Documenting Sources.” Purdue Online Writing Lab. Updated: Web. Feb. 2, Sewell, Richard H. “The Republicans and John Brown.” The Complete History of American Slavery, ed. James Miller. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, Print. " To My Dear and Loving Husband." Poetry for Students, vol. 6. Farmington Hills, MI: Print. “Young, Elizabeth V. "Anne Bradstreet: Overview" in Feminist Writers, edited by Pamela Kester- Shelton, St. James Press, Gale Literature Resource Center. Available from the WAHS Library. Web. (Jan. 8, 2012).