Mixed Groups

Properties of Metalloids They can form ionic and covalent bonds. They can form ionic and covalent bonds. Some can conduct electricity but not as well as metals. Some can conduct electricity but not as well as metals. They are located on the stair-step line. They are located on the stair-step line.

The Mixed Groups They are groups They are groups 13-17

The Boron Group (Group 13) Boron is a metalloid and is the first element in group 13. Pg 622 Boron is a metalloid and is the first element in group 13. Pg 622 Boron is used in borax, which is in some laundry detergents to soften water, it is also in boric acid, which is a mind antiseptic. Boron is used in borax, which is in some laundry detergents to soften water, it is also in boric acid, which is a mind antiseptic. Aluminum, a metal is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Aluminum, a metal is the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. It is used in soft drink cans, foil, cooking pans, and as siding. It is used in soft drink cans, foil, cooking pans, and as siding. Aluminum is strong and light and is also used in making airplanes. Aluminum is strong and light and is also used in making airplanes.

The Carbon Group (Group 14) Each element in group 14 has 4 electrons in is outside energy level but this is where their similarities end. Each element in group 14 has 4 electrons in is outside energy level but this is where their similarities end. Carbon is a nonmetal, silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are metals. Carbon is a nonmetal, silicon and germanium are metalloids, and tin and lead are metals. Carbon occurs in an element in coal and as a compound in oil, natural gas, and foods. Carbon occurs in an element in coal and as a compound in oil, natural gas, and foods. Carbon can combine with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide CO2. In the presence of sunlight plants use CO2 to make food. Carbon can combine with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide CO2. In the presence of sunlight plants use CO2 to make food. Silicon is found in sand and almost all rocks and the soil. Silicon occurs as two allotropes- which is when there is different forms of the same element. Silicon is found in sand and almost all rocks and the soil. Silicon occurs as two allotropes- which is when there is different forms of the same element. One allotrope of silicon is a hard, gray substance, and another is a brown powder. One allotrope of silicon is a hard, gray substance, and another is a brown powder.

The Carbon Group Cont. Semiconductors- are elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions. Semiconductors- are elements that conduct an electric current under certain conditions. Silicon is the main component in semiconductors. Silicon is the main component in semiconductors. Germanium the other metalloid in the carbon group is used with silicon in making semiconductors. Germanium the other metalloid in the carbon group is used with silicon in making semiconductors. Tin is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion. It is also combined with other metals to produce bronze and pewter. Tin is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion. It is also combined with other metals to produce bronze and pewter. Lead was widely used in paint at one time but because to is toxic it is not used for paint anymore. Lead was widely used in paint at one time but because to is toxic it is not used for paint anymore.

Allotropes of Carbon Two allotropes of carbon are graphite (in your pencil) and diamonds. Two allotropes of carbon are graphite (in your pencil) and diamonds. The shape that the molecules combine in is what determines which allotrope it will be. The shape that the molecules combine in is what determines which allotrope it will be. Pg 624 Pg 624

The Nitrogen Group (Group 15) The nitrogen family makes up group 15. Nitrogen is used to make nitrates and ammonia both of which are used in fertilizers. The nitrogen family makes up group 15. Nitrogen is used to make nitrates and ammonia both of which are used in fertilizers. Each breath you take is about 80% nitrogen gas but it can not be used by out bodies in this form. Each breath you take is about 80% nitrogen gas but it can not be used by out bodies in this form.

The Oxygen Group (Group 16) Oxygen makes up about 20 % or the air and is necessary for life. It is also used in compounds such as hydrogen peroxide. Oxygen makes up about 20 % or the air and is necessary for life. It is also used in compounds such as hydrogen peroxide. Sulfur is a nonmetal that in a compound is used to make the colors in paints. Sulfur is a nonmetal that in a compound is used to make the colors in paints. Selenium (nonmetal) and tellurium and polonium (metalloids) are the rest of group 16. You need selenium in trace amounts in your diet but if you get too much it can become toxic to your body. Selenium (nonmetal) and tellurium and polonium (metalloids) are the rest of group 16. You need selenium in trace amounts in your diet but if you get too much it can become toxic to your body.