 Causes by errors in genetic information  Like abnormalities in chromosomes or due to environmental factors  Examples?

 Born with diseases, perhaps because of mother’s drug use, a prescription that caused birth defects  Like Accutane, an acne medication, taken off market; including brain, heart, and face deformities  Abnormalities may also develop in-utero, during formative stage (1 st trimester)  Over exposure to x-rays

 Resulting from breakdown of body parts  Conditions associated with aging, heart attacks, strokes, arthritis, vessel blockage

 New growths  Due to chemical agents, like radiation  Too much sun or x-rays  Viruses like HPV or cell changes, cancer

 Body’s production of necessary or essential chemical or proper functioning is non- existent or defective  Diabetes, thyroid problems, lactose intolerance, etc.

 Not enough nutrients; minerals, vitamins or proteins  Rickets is a vitamin D deficiency; causing bone to soften and legs bow  Scurvy; lack of vitamin C

 Result from improper function of body’s immune system  Overactive suppressor T cells contribute to immunologic diseases like Rheumatoid Arthritis; body attacks itself

 Highly contagious caused by pathogens, disease causing organisms  Including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites

 Caused by emotional factors including stress that may be associated with: fear, anxiety, and crises  May cause gastrointestinal disorders, skin irritations, breathing difficulties  Examples?

 Cocci: - round, or chains; streptococcus  Bacilli: - Diplobacillus & Streptobacillus  Spirals: - twisted, bent, compressed forms and vibrio; like a comma

Study of populations and diseases that affect them: 1. Epidemic: - involves a large segment of population for a limited period of time 2. Endemic: - involves a certain geographical area; affects few individuals 3. Pandemic: - affects several countries or the world 4. Sporadic Diseases: - rare, irregular; like whooping cough