“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Deviance 10e Chapter Nine: HETEROSEXUAL DEVIANCE This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Alex Thio

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Introduction Heterosexual deviance includes teen sex, extramarital sex, prostitution, pornography, phone sex, nude dancing and sexual harassment Heterosexual deviance includes teen sex, extramarital sex, prostitution, pornography, phone sex, nude dancing and sexual harassment

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Teen Sex Most Americans no longer see premarital sex for adults as deviant, but do for teens Most Americans no longer see premarital sex for adults as deviant, but do for teens Sex education promoting abstinence has met with limited success Sex education promoting abstinence has met with limited success Boys with high self-esteem are more likely to engage in premarital sex while girls with high esteem are more likely to abstain Boys with high self-esteem are more likely to engage in premarital sex while girls with high esteem are more likely to abstain The kind of sex education offered in schools varies greatly The kind of sex education offered in schools varies greatly

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Extramarital Sex Extramarital sex: (“adultery” or “infidelity”) involves a married person having sex with another woman or man Extramarital sex: (“adultery” or “infidelity”) involves a married person having sex with another woman or man Research shows that secrecy, tension and guilt make extramarital sex far from gratifying Research shows that secrecy, tension and guilt make extramarital sex far from gratifying Culture shapes extramarital sex, and whatever form a culture considers acceptable is likely to be prevalent Culture shapes extramarital sex, and whatever form a culture considers acceptable is likely to be prevalent

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Extramarital Sex - cont. Who are among the most likely to cheat in the U.S.?: Who are among the most likely to cheat in the U.S.?: those who experienced premarital sex those who experienced premarital sex the less religious the less religious those of lower-income those of lower-income those with liberal values those with liberal values Men more likely to cheat than women Men more likely to cheat than women

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 A Social Profile of Swingers Couples swapping spouses for sex only Couples swapping spouses for sex only Less common than infidelity Less common than infidelity Internet and sex clubs facilitate swinging couples Internet and sex clubs facilitate swinging couples Most middle-class suburban whites Most middle-class suburban whites Other studies find swingers resort to swinging to express liberation from social control Other studies find swingers resort to swinging to express liberation from social control

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Pornography Pornography: sexually explicit materials Pornography: sexually explicit materials Pornography has become an enormous industry today - $8 billion/year Pornography has become an enormous industry today - $8 billion/year Effects of pornography are unclear Effects of pornography are unclear some studies support the antiporn and feminist position that pornography is dangerous some studies support the antiporn and feminist position that pornography is dangerous others support the liberal position that pornography is harmless others support the liberal position that pornography is harmless

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Phone Sex Phone sex: selling of a sexual fantasy; the longer the call the greater the profit Phone sex: selling of a sexual fantasy; the longer the call the greater the profit One sociologist discovered 5 types of callers: One sociologist discovered 5 types of callers: 1. quick-sex callers who ask for a quick sex act 2. violent and angry callers 3. lonely, lovelorn callers who call the same operator and refrain from discussing sex 4. sexually progressive callers, who are jealous of an operator’s involvement with other men 5. likeable callers who sound attractive and are able to raise an operator’s interest

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Nude Dancing Another version of selling sexual fantasy Another version of selling sexual fantasy Some dancers earn a good wage Some dancers earn a good wage Many do not consider their work disreputable Many do not consider their work disreputable They often hide how they earn money They often hide how they earn money Some find the work empowering Some find the work empowering

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Sexual Harassment U.S. Supreme Court: unwanted sexual advances in the workplace, regardless of its impact on salary or promotion U.S. Supreme Court: unwanted sexual advances in the workplace, regardless of its impact on salary or promotion Estimates from various studied reveal that about 1/2 of all working women have been sexually harassed at some point in their careers Estimates from various studied reveal that about 1/2 of all working women have been sexually harassed at some point in their careers

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 The World of Prostitution Prostitution is the exchange of sex for money Prostitution is the exchange of sex for money Several types: Several types: streetwalkers solicit customers on the street streetwalkers solicit customers on the street child and adolescent prostitutes child and adolescent prostitutes house prostitutes work in brothels house prostitutes work in brothels call girls use answering services and make out-calls call girls use answering services and make out-calls

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 The World of Prostitution – cont. Social and sexual backgrounds of prostitutes are more normal than many believe Social and sexual backgrounds of prostitutes are more normal than many believe Most common reasons for becoming a prostitute are economic Most common reasons for becoming a prostitute are economic Threat of disease is greater in poorer countries where customers often refuse to wear condoms Threat of disease is greater in poorer countries where customers often refuse to wear condoms

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 The World of Prostitution – cont. Other participants in prostitution: Other participants in prostitution: Madam – The owner or manager of a brothel Madam – The owner or manager of a brothel Pimp – The “street” manager of prostitutes Pimp – The “street” manager of prostitutes John – The prostitute’s customer John – The prostitute’s customer

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 A Global Perspective on Prostitution Prostitution has become a fast-growing global industry Prostitution has become a fast-growing global industry Causes: Causes: abject poverty abject poverty socialization into a subservient sex role socialization into a subservient sex role demand from tourists to some countries for sexual adventures demand from tourists to some countries for sexual adventures patriarchy, which is a social and cultural system that forces poor women to sell their bodies patriarchy, which is a social and cultural system that forces poor women to sell their bodies

“ Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2010 Theories of Prostitution Functionalist theory: a system of morality causes prostitution to exist as a social institution Functionalist theory: a system of morality causes prostitution to exist as a social institution Feminist theory: a patriarchal system encourages prostitution by creating the demand and supply for it Feminist theory: a patriarchal system encourages prostitution by creating the demand and supply for it Social-psychological theory Social-psychological theory predisposing factors predisposing factors attracting factors attracting factors precipitating factors precipitating factors