Educational Template Chapter 4 History of Computing & Technology Pamela Hussey, Margaret Ann Kennedy and Anne Spencer Chapter 4 – History of Computing & Technology

Key Concepts Chapter 4 – Key Concepts In Chapter 4 the key concepts include : Historical Milestones in Technology Historical Milestones in Computing Nursing Pioneers and Computer Use

Learning Activity Type Chapter 4 – Learning Activity Type Critical factors for consideration of nursing role in eHealth. A learning opportunity to develop a greater awareness of the history of computing and technology The learning exercises and associated presentation offer a more focused approach on the specific knowledge presented in the chapter: Exercise 1 = Assimilative - Getting started Exercise 2 = Productive - Informatics solution focused Exercise 3= Interactive/adaptive - Accelerated learning

Assessment Exercises Chapter 4 – Assessment Exercises Assimilative Exercise review the PowerPoint Presentation and associated Web links in the Emergence of Technology in Healthcare and complete the associated crossword. Exercise 1 The Florence Nightingale quote in this chapter suggests that she was frustrated with her practice as she attempted to source information. In this exercise consider what resources you would offer Nightingale today to answer her queries on nursing data. Rank in order of priority the systems you think she would want to have implemented in the hospital that she was practicing in. It may be worthwhile to view chapters 1, 10 and 13 for this particular exercise. Exercise 2 You have been asked to teach a class to a group of first year student nurses on the history of computing review the online material associated with this chapter in this presentation and select a number of the images by component to include in your presentation explaining the reasons for your choice. Exercise 3

History of Computing and Technology Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 History of Informatics To understand a science it is necessary to know its history Comte

Core Concepts Included in this Presentation Include Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Historical Milestones in TechnologyHistorical Milestones in ComputingNursing Pioneers and Computer Use

Historical Milestones in Technology These online resources summarise generations one to three of the computing paradigm. image Presented by the Computer History Museum Follow this link to view Whilst computers and technology are linked it is useful to view them in this chapter separately by year. This can be done by viewing the technology time line in the computer history museum and by searching under key categories relating to the technology. For example one can search under categories such as components, networks, computer software and languages.

Historical Milestones in Computing These online resources summarise generation one to three of the computing paradigm. A Brief History of the Computer Presented by TIME Photographs Follow this link to view This resource developed by the Computer History Museum depicts the development of computers from Follow this link to view

Emergence of Technology in Healthcare Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Evolution of technology supporting health care and professional nursing practice Pre Click images to open hyperlinks Marion Ball Podcast History of Computing & Technology AN Other resource to be added here

Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Nursing Pioneers & Computer Use In many instances the early pioneer nurses in informatics were poorly paid and had inadequate study leave and in many cases left the profession to pursue careers as systems analysts. However, some of the pioneers remained and we acknowledge some of them within the following sections – nursing education, nursing administration, nursing care and nursing research.

Nursing Education Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Mariann Drost Bitzer (1963) First simulation in nursing obstetrics Judith Ronald, University of New York (1970’s) CAI in Nurse Education in the 1970’s Diane Skiba, Boston College Co-ordinating Nursing Informatics Courses Virginia Saba, Georgetown University Co-ordinating Nursing Informatics Courses Christine Henney, University of Dundee Co-ordinating Nursing Informatics Courses Journal of Nursing Administration featured a monthly article on computer applications in nursing from **

Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Nursing Administration Marilyn Plomann, Chicago (1970’s & 1980’s) Developed nursing administration initiatives Catherine Cunningham (1970’s & 1980’s) Nurse Manpower Planning Projects Elly Pluytr-Wenting, Leiden, Holland ( ) Nursing Manpower Planning Phyllis Giovanetti (1978) Nurse Scheduling Systems Elizabeth Butler ( ) Nurse Scheduling and Staffing Systems Virginia Saba (1970’s & 1980’s) Public Health Service Dept. – Promoting Public Health Nursing Services

Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Nursing Care 1992 Norma Lang & June Clark – if we cannot name it (nursing) we cannot control it, finance it, research it or put it into public policy.. (In relation to nursing language). Kathryn Hannah first nurse elected to COACH (Canadian Organisation for the Advancement of Computers in Health). Maureen Scholes – The London Hospital Real-Time Computer Project – resulted in The introduction of a hospital communication system that provided patient administration services, laboratory services and radiography services using 105 visual display units in all hospital wards and departments. Elizabeth Butler – Kings Hospital, London Engaged in developing and implementing the computerised nursing care plan system for the Professional Medical Unit and for the nursing care plan system for all wards and specialties in the 500 bedded hospital. Christine Henney, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee Involved in the design and implementation of a real time nursing system Joy Brown and Marjorie Wright, York Hospital Ontario Both worked as systems co-ordinators and were actively involved in designing, coding and implementing the computerised patient care system at their hospital. They were also responsible for training on the system.

Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Nursing Research 1960 working with ANA (American Nurses Association) Harriet Werley identified research on communication and decision making in nursing (1960’s) Kathryn Hannah with David Shires in 1980 at Medinfo in Tokyo set up a separate nursing informatics section within IMIA Maureen Scholes in 1982 facilitated an open forum on the impact of computers in nursing (London) 1981 Virginia Saba established a nursing presence at the symposium on computer applications in medical care (USA) 1982 Carol Ostrowski created a nursing profession specialty group - AAMSI (American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics) 1983 Marion Ball identified nursing informatics as specialty 1988 Harriet Werley and Norma Lang identify the American nursing minimum data set

Scholes Analysis of Papers Laboratory, Imaging Monitoring / Therapy Prevention Decision Support, Artificial IntelligencePatient (Nursing) Record Language Classification and Retrieval Information Systems Data BaseData Protection Ethics Law Education Training Research Statistics Models Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4 Scholes et al in 2000 completed an analysis of early scientific papers in nursing research, relating specifically to informatics and computers from and the following key themes emanated from the work.

Chapter Summary The development of technology and its contribution to the history of computing is explored in this presentation. Evolving since the 1950’s the computer has replaced traditional methods of processing information. Nursing informatics pioneers can be identified over the past 50 years as contributing to this evolution. Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4

Activity Introduction to Nursing Informatics th Edition Chapter 4