Land Use Issues for Solar and Landfill Gas Generation Presented to The Steering Committee for Missouri’s Comprehensive State Energy Plan October 28, 2014 By Floyd Gilzow Vice President of Environmental and Governmental Affairs

Municipal Utilities at forefront of Utility Scale Solar in Missouri Columbia 11.7 kW Adding 250 KW Butler – 3.2 MW, 2014 Springfield – 4.95 MW, 2014 Macon – 3.2 MW 2014 Projecting 12+ MW by MJMEUC in four different member cities by end of 2016 Nixa still negotiating contract - 8MW 2

Butler Solar Farm 3 Macon Facility

Solar Power Generation Configurations A.Private roof top solar B.Solar Garden C.Community Solar D.Municipal Utility Solar 4

Roof Top Solar BENEFITS Easily deployable Privately financed through a variety of financial venues Interested citizens have ability to make the commitment for themselves 5

Roof Top Solar DRAWBACKS Participation is largely limited to homeowners Issue of moving from one home to the next and losing some or all of the investment Limited because of orientation issues and solar obstructions May have issues with building codes and snow loads Engineering limitations on distribution grid 6

Roof Top Solar BARRIERS No zoning barriers in the 10 largest cities in the state of the Missouri May have limitations based on property covenants or subdivision restrictions Previous BMP has been to plant trees to shade roofs to reduce energy demand 7

Solar Garden 8 Operated like garden coop – BENEFITS Available to all citizens whether homeowner, renter, or whether structure is properly situated Centrally managed and tied into distribution grid Each person can contract for as little or as much solar as they desire Ownership is with the panel, not the property on which it is located Easier to grow as demand rises

Solar Garden 9 DRAWBACKS Governance and long-term stewardship Legal complications with current electricity provider contract Land Needed –3.5 to 10 Acres per Megawatt o Purchase of land may be expensive, and appropriate land may not be readily available o Routine maintenance – mowing and perimeter security for safety can also be costly Liability issues since the entity has few assets and is currently unregulated Leaving Community often means losing investment

Community Solar 10 Owned by city or established legal organization BENEFITS Similar to Solar Garden, except managed by an established organization – so long term stewardship, liability and maintenance is less of an issue Same benefits as Solar Garden DRAWBACKS Land acquisition Cities often have Vacant land available

Utility Scale Solar Solar as a part of local utility’s portfolio of power BENEFITS Places no additional operational burden on ratepayers Available to all equally DOWNSIDE Cost to all ratepayers Size of necessary field 11

Solar as 1% of Missouri Sales (based on Butler Solar Farm output= 4,500 MWHr per year): 1%= 824,000 MWHr per year 2,300 acres of Solar Panels The entire corporate limits of Willow Springs Big Oak Tree SP and most of Lake Wappapello SP 12 acre solar farms in 183 cities

Solar as 1% of Missouri Sales Siting Issues for Safety Effectiveness Security Cost containment Solar PV does not lend itself to shared land use

Landfill Gas Current Municipal Locations Lamar – 5.6 MW Black Oak/Hartville – 3.8MW EPA LMOP lists four other projects not including the two municipal sites

Landfill Gas Siting Considerations Existence of Landfill Length of Time for Production Proximity to Demand or Proximity to Transmission Grid NOTE: EPA has not released its guidance document on how it will treat LFG under proposed 111(d) guidelines

Questions Floyd Gilzow