Heating and Cooling with Geothermal Energy Dr. Burkhard Sanner European Geothermal Energy Council, Brussels Geothermische Vereinigung e.V., Geeste 6 th Inter-Parliamentary Meeting on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Panel: Renewable Energy for Heating and Cooling Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, Oct. 6-8, 2005

Geothermal Energy can be spectacular! Geysirs and volcanoes show the earth heat Photos of US Geological Survey

Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find… Geothermal experts looking for traces of the system

Geothermal Energy can be out of sight and hard to find… Office building “Technorama” at Düsseldorf airport Office building heated and cooled by geothermal heat pumps since 1991 Externally, no traces of the ground system are visible. Inside, only heat pumps and piping can be seen

Geothermal Energy Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California Definition: Geothermal Energy is energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of the solid earth (This definition is official in Germany, in guideline VDI 4640)

High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy world-wide Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

High-Enthalpy Geothermal Energy in EU Graph from Geothermal Education Office, California

The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

A short glimpse at geothermal power Photo courtesy of ENEL/ERGA, Italy First experiment to produce geo- thermal power, done in Italy in 1904 by prince Ginori Conti Modern geothermal power plants in Larderello, Italy Photos: Lund

A short glimpse at geothermal power Bad Blumau (Austria) ORC-turbine 250 kW el. output air-cooled operational since end of 2000 (Photos: Prmat/Rogner)

A short glimpse at geothermal power Principle of EGS system for geothermal power production Drilling rig at the European R&D site Soultz-sous- Forêts (F)

The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

Potential after Shell-study The Potential of Geothermal Energy in EU

Deep Geothermal Energy doublet system, used since the late 1970s in France and since 1984 in (Eastern) Germany Geothermal heating plant Neustadt-Glewe photo O. Joswig

Deep Geothermal Energy Cross-border geothermal district heating for the cities Simbach (D) and Braunau (A) Geological cross-section Graph: Geoteam

In most countries, geothermal district heating needs some investment support, reduced interest loans, etc. to become economic. Cascade uses (district heating, industry, agri- culture, and other) improves economy, but usually are very difficult to achieve due to business obstacles, distances, etc. The main financial obstacle is the heat distribution network (example: Bruchsal, D) For heat distribution, Eastern European countries may have an advantage due to existing networks Deep Geothermal Energy

Geothermal greenhouse in Nigrita, Greece Cultivation of spirulina algae using geothermal heat Geothermal Greenhouses

Geothermal tomato drying in Northern Greece The finished product Geothermal application in the food industry

Geothermal fish drying in Northern Iceland The finished product Fish factory in Laugar, Iceland Geothermal application in the food industry

The situation is very different in the various countries and geothermal technologies, according to natural resources and political issues. High enthalpy resources – in Italy, Greece, etc., for power, heat and other applications Deep geothermal energy mainly in basins (France, Germany, Poland, Italy, Hungary, etc.) for district heating, power, agriculture Shallow geothermal energy – geothermal heat pumps everywhere The Economic Situation of Geothermal Energy in EU

In France, heat from geothermal district heating carries the full VAT, natural gas only a reduced value In Poland, projects are affected by not adequate mining law, many taxes, fees and royalties. These expenses are too high compared to the annual heat sales, even in the biggest plant Remarks from various countries

For shallow geothermal systems, in several countries a market-driven economy exists. This is further boosted by the current oil price development These countries comprise Sweden, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and to a lesser extend Norway, Netherlands, etc. Shallow Geothermal Energy

Geothermal heating at the Polar Circle: Hotel Storforsen, Älvsby, Sweden 33 BHE each 160 m deep

A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas: Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating Shallow Geothermal Energy

Heating and cooling of the guesthouse of the European Centre for public law „Meduca“ in Legraina, Greece 2 groundwater heat pumps GSHP for cooling (and heating) with ground- water wells, for a supermarket in Mersin, Turkey

A transition is underway of GSHP technology into two new areas: Southern Europe and Mediterranean, with an emphasis on cooling and heating Eastern and Southeastern Europe, where slowly a demand for more comfort in houses is growing, and a group of people who can afford it. Countries are in particular Czech Republic and Poland, with others following Shallow Geothermal Energy

Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector Annual heat pump sales in Germany, according to heat sources (after data from IZW, Hannover and BWP, Munich) Heat pumps used for hot tap water only are not included Data for 2004 preliminary

Some statistics for the shallow geothermal sector Heat Pump installations in Sweden (from SVEP) Development of GSHP installations in Switzerland, in MW th (from Kohl et al., 2002)

Geothermal energy use in the EU 2002 (after data from BMU, 2004) Some statistics on geothermal energy use

Geothermal energy use in the enlarged EU 2004 (18 of 25 member countries, new members are shown in black). The values are mainly valid for 1999 and are taken from the country update reports of WGC 2000 Some statistics on geothermal energy use

Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament Heat- and Cold Storage, heat source waste heat from Combined Heat- and Power-Generation (CHP) during summertime

Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament Map of the Parliament Buildings View from Chancellor´s office towards the Parliament building

Geothermal Energy for the German Parliament Heating- and Cooling- Network for the Parliament Buildings

Thank you für your attention!