20.2 “Normalcy” and Isolationism OBJECTIVE: Understand the causes of post-war isolationism and the immigration quota system

The Return to “Normalcy” ELECTION OF 1920 Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge (REP) Vs. James M. Cox and Franklin D. Roosevelt (DEM) OUTCOME: REPUBLICANS WIN BY WIDE MARGIN. WHY? Harding pledges “normalcy” again.

PRESIDENT HARDING “America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality...."

Kellogg-Briand Pact 1921: US invites nations to freeze naval construction and begin disarmament. Prop. by Sec. of State Charles Evans Hughes 1929: 64 nations had signed the Kellogg- Briand Pact, renouncing war as an instrument of diplomacy. Expression of American Isolationism. PROBLEM: The pact was voluntary and not enforceable.

TARIFFS AND REPARATIONS Allies struggle to pay Back loans Fordeny- McCumber Tariff Allies cannot make a profit or pay loans US demands repayment Allies demand reparations from Germany Germany bankrupt US loans $ to Germany Germany gives $ to Britain and France US paid in its own $ Fordney-McCumber Tariff Raises tax on imports to 60%!!! =Bad feelings all around. Unstable economic house of cards.

IMMIGRATION QUOTAS US experience a wave of racism, lynchings, and nativism after WWI. Immigration booms after WWI Quota System enacted to slow the flow Quotas discriminate against Southern and Eastern Europeans, Roman Catholics and Jews AND excludes Japanese.

SCANDAL!!! Harding appoints some good Secretaries: –Charles Evans Hughes as Sec. of State –Herbert Hoover as Sec. of Commerce –Andrew Mellon as Sec. of Treasury BUT, some really bad appointments too: –“Ohio Gang” –Albert Fall as Sec. Of Interior –Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty –Charles Forbes at Veterans Affairs

THE TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL US set aside oil-rich public land for US Navy Albert Fall, Secretary of Interior, secretly and illegally “leased” the oil rich land to two private oil companies Fall got “kickbacks” of over $325,000 Part of the corruption of the “Ohio Gang” of political cronies in the Cabinet. Harding flees scandal on tour to Alaska, dies of heart attack VP Calvin Coolidge becomes president in 1923.

ALBERT FALL

Rate five events of this section as either +, -, or ? Based on whether the event was good, bad, or mixed. Then, give your reasons. EVENTRATINGREASON

Rate five events of this section as either +, -, or ? Based on whether the event was good, bad, or mixed. Then, give your reasons. EVENTRATINGREASON Kellogg-Briand Tariffs & Reparations Fordney- McCumber Quota System Teapot Dome

QUIZ A 1.The ______ Dome scandal was the most spectacular instance of corruption during the Harding Administration. 2.The ______- Briand pact failed to succeed in disarming nations because it was not enforced. 3.The _____ Trial, also called the “monkey trial” focused on the teaching of evolution in public schools. 4.Hidden bars and nightclubs during Prohibition were called _________. 5.The Protestant movement grounded in a literal and non-symbolic interpretation of the Bible was called _____________

QUIZ A 1.The Teapot Dome scandal was the most spectacular instance of corruption during the Harding Administration. It dealt with the sale of ______. 2.The Kellogg-______and pact failed to succeed in disarming nations because it was not enforced. 3.The Scopes Trial, also called the “monkey trial” focused on the teaching _______ in public schools. 4.Hidden ___________ during Prohibition were called speakeasies. 5.The Protestant movement grounded in a literal and non-symbolic interpretation of the Bible was called _____________