Baltimore Polytechnic Institute February 21, 2013 A/A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

By the end of the lesson, students will analyze to what extent the War of 1898 established the United States as an imperialistic country

Objectives: Students will: Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century. Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes of the Spanish-American War. Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism. AP Focus Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14 th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century. Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion. Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish- American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

CHAPTER THEMES In the 1890s, a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Identifications 1890s Foreign Policy Side Philippine Annexation Debate on Monday roles assigned on Friday

“We assert that no nation can long endure half republic and half empire, and we warn the American people that imperialism abroad will lead quickly and inevitably to despotism at home Democratic National Platform, Identify the major issues that the Democratic National Platform is warning the American public about. 2. Explain imperialism and despotism. How are these concepts related? Use examples to justify your response.

Reasons for overseas expansion 1. Foreign markets 2. Expand or explode 3. Yellow journalism 4. Pious missionaries 5. Social Darwinism 6. Captian Alfred Thayer Mahan’s-new steel navy 7. Big Sister policy-rallying Latin American countries behind U.S. leadership and opening markets to U.S. traders 8. Diplomatic crises 9. Great Rapprochement

Revolted against Spain in 1895 Sugar was hurt by the American Tariff of 1894 Insurrectos torched sugar mills/canefields and some American interests ($50 million in Cuba) Lodge identified the importance of Cuba/Panama canal

Butcher Weyler-sent by Spain to subdue Cuba in 1896 Yellow journalism-wrote stories about Cuban atrocities-Students will read about Evangelina De Lome letter-unflattering letter about McKinley Battleship Maine to Cuba-Feb. 15, 1898 War Declaration April 11, 1898 August 12, 1898 armistice Americans hurt by disease 400 died from battle 5,000 died from disease

April 11, 1898-McKinley sends war message to Congress Teller Amendment: Cuban self-rule after war Primary Source Analysis: Students will read and analyze President McKinley’s War Message

Question: What role did the press and public opinion play in the origin of the Spanish- American War?

Treaty of Paris-Dec. 10, 1898 U.S. received: Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines ($20 million, captured after the armistice) McKinley confronted with dilemma over Philippines Philippine acquisition caused much debate-Primary Source Analysis: McKinley’s Dilemma Anti-Imperialist League White-man’s burden Prediction: What will be some of the short and long-term results of American acquisition of the Philippines and Puerto Rico?

Foraker Act-limited degree of popular government for Puerto Rico Citizenship in 1917 Question: Are we citizens or are we subjects? Insular cases subject to American rule but not all American rights Cuba ended yellow fever in Havana U.S. withdrew in 1902 after supporting Cuba Platt Amendment not to sign treaties that would compromise their independence not to take on debt U.S. intervene with troops sell/lease land to U.S. for naval stations

War of days How was this "a splendid little war”? new respect in the world closed the divide between the North and South more resources to pay for its new status Question: Describe the impact the War of 1898 played in closing the divide between the North and the South.

Analyze to what extent the War of 1898 established the United States as an imperialistic country.

Begin Reading second ½ of Chapter 27 page Prepare for 5 question quiz on Friday First 20 Id’s are due on Monday-Your quiz score is contingent upon you having them done.