“ADRESSING THE CHALLENGE OF GOOD GOVERNANCE” KICHR, Sudan 18 & 19/12/06 Nicos Kalatzis Research Associate -Themistokles & Dimitris Tsatsos Foundation & Expert on Social Policy-The Hellenic Ministry of Economy & Finance

‘Timing’ global focus on ‘G’ NATIONAL ISSUE:-90’s : International ‘No competency’ World BankAWARENCE: World Bank: SRSs - Corruption (+11% on G loans) MONITORING:2000- ‘G’ monitoring... assesment

World Bank Definition for G “Governance is a policy producing system, characterized by predictable and transparent processes, a bureaucracy permeated by professional ethos, an executive government sector responsible for its acts and a strong civil society participating to public affairs, as well as by the fact that all of the above happen on the basis of the State of law”.

UN Definition for G “Governance is a process through which institutions, corporations and citizen’s groups organize their interests, exercise their rights and obligations and mediate their differences”.

Goverment and Governance (G) Goverment = control, ultimately impose coersion, G= steering, because achieving public goods via coordinating, mediating, mobilizing, co-shaping

Goverment and G (con.) Govermement as sole competency of politico- administrative structures, state’s sovereign will G cooperation among different governmental and non-governmental actors with diverse interests. (state, market, civil society)

Directions for Administrative Reform 90s and 00s- -mid80’s: introducing market logic and market- making policies 1.New Public Management (MBO - TQM) 2. ‘quasi-market’ & Privatisation -mid 90’s: G non legally (but costly)binding instruments 1.steer, guide coprorate and civic actors action plans (NAP on poverty), 2. Open method of coordination, benchmarking(on socio- economic governance),

Why adress G? Driving Forces Spectacular increase of financial flows to non developped Countries Un-effectiveness of development assistance (import- subsituting) epistemic shift: ‘institutional economics’ and ‘democratic theory’

‘Mapping’ major international initiatives on G W.B. ‘leading role’: from awareness to 1.‘horizontal’ expertise on Local G and post-crisis & 2.monitoring: Indicators UNDP- DAC/OECD ‘Join Forces’: 1.‘tailor-made’ G strategies ‘Initiative on Good G in the Arab Countries’ Commitment of the African Countries

World Bank G Indicators Objective: ‘Ranking’ through unified indicators Coverage: 200 countries Variables: 350 objective/estimations diffused and Widely used by international public and corporate organizations

World Bank Indicators ‘Clusters’ 6 areas of G:  Expression of opinion and accountability  Political stability and absence of major violence and terrorism  Existence of criteria for the measurement of the efficiency of government...

World Bank Indicators Clusters  The existence of a system ensuring legislative and regulatory quality  The guarantee of the effective function of the state of law, and  The existence of institutionalized and exercised controls for corruption.

G INDICATOR’S (MIS)USE Enough Transparency and long-term Comparability? How correlate judgemental VS objective ones? GDP- G ‘Econometric Fallacy’? Rating as ‘De facto’ assesment?

Are there altentatives? UNDP ‘Oslo Programme’ : ‘core’ & ‘satellite’ pro-poor and gender ‘METAGORA project’ E.U. sponsored, Oslo G Center + Indian Council+ E.U. M-C: local statistical authorities for national prioritization