Variability in Optimum N Rates for Maize in the Midwest Sulochana Dhital, Natasha Macnack, and William Raun Plant and Soil Sciences Department, Oklahoma.

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Presentation transcript:

Variability in Optimum N Rates for Maize in the Midwest Sulochana Dhital, Natasha Macnack, and William Raun Plant and Soil Sciences Department, Oklahoma State University At some sites the 0-N check plot yielded almost the same as the high N rate plot after years of continuous maize production. Ideally, N rates should change from year to year. Growers need to consider that the demand for fertilizer N should change from year to year. Conclusions Static N recommendations do not account for the variability in soil available N and maize N uptake as influenced by weather. Need to reconsider the common practice of applying the same N fertilizer rates over time. References Al-Kaisi, M. M., and X.Yin Effects of nitrogen rate, irrigation rate, and plant population on corn yield and water use efficiency. Agron. J. 95(6), Bundy, L.G., T.W. Andraski, M.D. Ruark, and A.E. Peterson Long-term continuous corn and nitrogen fertilizer effects on productivity and soil properties. Agron. J. 103:1346–1351. Cooper, C.M Biological effects of agriculturally derived surface water pollutants on aquatic systems—A review. J. Environ. Qual.22:402–408. Eck, H. V. (1984). Irrigated corn yield response to nitrogen and water. Agron. J. 76(3), Fenster, W. E., C. J. Overdahl, G.W. Randall, and R. P. Schoper Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield and soil nitrates. (Vol. 153) Misc. Rept Agr. Exp. Station. U. of Minnesota, St. Paul. Ismail, I., R.L. Blevins, and W. W. Frye Long-term no-tillage effects on soil properties and continuous corn yields. Soil Sc. Soc. Am. J. 58(1), Jokela, W. E., and G. W. Randall Corn yield and residual soil nitrate as affected by time and rate of nitrogen application. Agron. J. 81(5), Mallarino, A.P., and E. Ortiz-Torres A long-term look at crop rotation effects on corn yield and response to N fertilization. In: The Integrated Crop Management Conference Proceedings, Ames, IA. 29–30 Nov Iowa State Univ. Ext. Ames. p. 209–213. Peterson, T. A., and G. E. Varvel Crop yield as affected by rotation and nitrogen rate. III. Corn. Agron. J. 81: Rabalais, N. N., R. E. Turner, D. Justic, Q. Dortch, and W. J. Wiseman Characterization of hypoxia. Rep.for the integrated assessment of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program Decision Analysis Ser.No. 18. NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Silver Spring, Md. Randall, Gyles W., Jeffrey A. Vetsch, and Jerald R. Huffman Corn production on a subsurface-drained mollisol as affected by time of nitrogen application and nitrapyrin. Agron. J. 95: Rice, C. W., M.S. Smith, and R.L. Blevins Soil nitrogen availability after long-term continuous no-tillage and conventional tillage corn production. Soil Sc. Soc. Am. J. 50 (5), Stecker, J. A., D. D. Buchholz, R.G. Hanson, N.C. Wollenhaupt and K. A. McVay Broadcast nitrogen sources for no-till continuous corn and corn following soybean. Agron. J. 85(4), Shanahan, J Determining Optimum Nitrogen Rates for corn. Crops Insights, Vol. 20, No. 6 Pioneer Hi-Bred, Johnston, IA. United States Department of Agriculture Crop Production 2013 Summary. National Agricultural Statistics Service. Jan. ISSN: Varvel, G.E., W.W. Wilhelm, J.F. Shanahan, and J.S. Schepers An algorithm for corn nitrogen recommendations using a chlorophyll meter based sufficiency index. Agron. J. 99: Vetsch, J. A., and G. W. Randall Corn production as affected by nitrogen application timing and tillage. Agron. J. 96(2), Woodruff, J. R., J.T. Ligon, and B. R. Smith Water table depth interaction with nitrogen rates on sub-irrigated corn. Agron. J. 76(2), Table 1. Maize grain yield for the high N rate and optimum N rate from 233 site years of published data in the Central Great Plains, United States, SourceLoc.Years High N Yield Range Check plot Yield RangeOptimum N rate Mg ha -1 MinMaxAvg. Bundy et al. (2011)WI21( ) Bundy et al. (2011)WI24( ) Mallarino and Torres (2006)IA32( ) Mallarino and Torres (2006)IA26( ) Varvel et al. (2007)NE11( ) Jokela et al.(1989) CarrollMN3( ) Jokela et al.(1989) WebsterMN3( ) Fenster et al. (1978) WasecaMN7( ) Fenster et al. (1978) MartinMN7( ) Fenster et al. (1978) MartinMN6( ) Al Kaisi et al.(2003)CO3( ) Ismail et al.(1994) NTKY20( ) Ismail et al.(1994) CTKY20( ) Rice et al.(1986) NTKY16( ) Rice et al.(1986) CTKY16( ) Stecker et al.(1993)MO3( ) Stecker et al.(1993)MO3( ) Stecker et al.(1993)MO2( ) Peterson et al.(1989)NE4( ) Woodruff et al.(1984)SC3( ) Eck (1984)TX3( ) Total 233 average stdev