Power Quality: A Closer Look Joe Watson APPA – Engineering & Operations Technical Conference April 18, 2005

 One of the nations largest 4 service utility providers. ElectricityNatural Gas WaterWastewater  603,025 total customers for all combined services over 470 sq. miles. Electric = 194,369 customers  1,978 employees for all 4 utilities.  Generate up to 77% of our own electricity (633 MW).  More than 2900 miles of distribution lines (70% ug vs. 25% nation avg)  More than 220 miles of transmission lines  19 Transmission Substations, 40 Distribution Substations …just a few facts

Springs Utilities’ Customers  High Tech / R&D  Intel, Atmel, Honeywell, Kaman Science, LSI Logic, Lockheed Martin, Mitsui, Quantum, Ramtron, UTMC Aeroflex, Vitesse  Data/Call Centers  HP, MCI, Oracle, FedEx, Progressive Insurance, T Rowe Price, Qwest  Manufacturing  Western Forge, Metso Minerals, Schlage Lock  Military Installations  NORAD, Fort Carson Army Base, Peterson Air Force Base, Air Force Academy

Springs Utilities’ PQ History  BMI – 8010 PQ Nodes (1993)  Portable Monitoring  Metrosonic PA7, Metrosonic MR4, Dranetz 658, Dranetz-BMI Power Platform  SquareD - Power Logic (1998)  Power Measurement – ION (1999)  Enterprise Software  ION 7700  ION 8500

Where to Monitor  Power Measurement - ION  Monitors at every transmission substation (115kV or 230kV but not 34.5kV) 27 locations  Monitors at customer sites Expand program to offer PQ monitoring service 3 locations Helps to troubleshoot Enhanced Service equipment such as Automatic Transfer and Static Transfer Switches

Communication Challenges  How do we communicate with meters?  RS232  RS485  Phone / Modem  Spread Spectrum radios  Internet

Communication Challenges  How do we communicate with meters?  RS232  RS485  Phone / Modem  Spread Spectrum radios  Internet

What to do with the system?  Disturbance Paging  Disturbance Database  Fault Locating  Waveform Analysis  System Protection / Relaying  Preventative Maintenance  First Response

What to do with the system?  Disturbance Paging  Page includes time stamp, device, magnitude and duration of event  Notify Enhanced Service Engineer on standby as well as other CS Utilities’ personnel.  Provide proactive response to most important customers.  Indicated a system-wide or isolated event.

What to do with the system?  Disturbance Database  First used an Excel database but soon switched to Access  Data is qualified (ie. Was it really an event?)  Compare event with “Outage Database” and “Event Messanger”  The following data is logged: Date/Time Magnitude/Duration Which phases were affected Load affected Event path Cause category and description Event location (grid x-y) Protective Device which operated Outage report number

What to do with the system?  Disturbance Database  Hope to develop indices in order to help rank Capital and O&M projects Outage indexes: SAIFI - System Average Interruption Frequency Index (…how many outages in a year, interruptions/year) SAIDI - System Average Interruption Duration Index (…how many minutes in a year, minutes/year) CAIDI - Customer Average Interruption Duration Index (…how long each outage, minutes/interruption) RBM (Reliability Benchmarking Methodology) index: SARFI %V - System Average RMS Frequency Index Threshold (…how many sags/swells in a year, sags(or swells)/year at threshold level)

What to do with the system?  Disturbance Database  Ranking Substations 12RM6  2004 data  27 events  Zero sags outside ITIC 34NP13  2004 data  56 events  4 sags outside ITIC

What to do with the system?  Disturbance Database  Ranking by category (all events below 90% nominal)  Could also be ranked below 80%, 70%, etc.

What to do with the system?  Fault Locating  Use fault levels and phases to help troubleshoot

What to do with the system?  Waveform Analysis  Use fault levels and phases to help troubleshoot

What to do with the system?  Waveform Analysis  Use fault levels and phases to help troubleshoot Delta/Wye Single phase fault will appear as a phase to phase fault

What to do with the system?  Waveform Analysis  Use fault levels and phases to help troubleshoot

What to do with the system?  System Protection and Relaying  Use fault levels to determine if protection worked as designed. Delta/Wye

What to do with the system?  Preventative Maintenance  Calculating fault on breakers to determine when maintenance is required.  Looking for trends or repetitive events.

What to do with the system?  Preventative Maintenance

What to do with the system?  Rapid Response  Economic Development in Colorado Springs has group of individuals from different departments (Fire, Police, Utilities, etc.) to provide information to companies interested in locating in Colorado Springs.  Many companies are interested in reliability data – outage AND power quality.  Customer meetings  Data is used to document events and discuss with customers.

2001 to Current Summary of Disturbances 1A A A&B - 82

2001 to Current Summary of Disturbances HV01A - 40 HV02A - 13 HV01 A&B Sag due to ATO transfer after event on feeder serving 1A. 2.Technician accidentally tripped ATO. 3.PT fuse failed in LS switchgear.

HV01A & HV02A Exposure (since May 2001)  North Plant – 36 events  34NP2 – 13 Platte bus – 1 12PL PL2 - 7  34NP12 – 2  34NP  34NP20 – 13 13HL1 – 7 13HL2 - 2  34NP24 – 2 12C2 – 1  Rampart – 4 events  34RM2 – 1  34RM3 – 3 12RV4 – 2 12RV5 – 1 Oak Valley Craigmoor Platte Holland Park Rusina Digital Oak Valley Ind Prk Cust Sub North Plant Rampart

Questions?