32 P Module Objectives  To understand the physical nature of 32 P.  To understand the 32 P is both and internal and external radiation hazard.  To understand the need to utilize shielding.  To recognize that special procedures and protective measures are required when using activities greater than 1.0 mCi.

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)  The half life of 32 P is 14 days  The Maximum beta energy is 1.7 MeV.  The Average beta energy is 0.6 Mev or 600 keV.  32 P is one of the most energetic beta emitters.  It is a pure beta emitter  The number of betas emitted per second = Number of decays per second (for 1 mCi, 3.7 x 10 7 betas emitted per second)

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)  Annual limit of intake via inhalation is 0.6 mCi (600  Ci). (this means that a total burden in the body of 0.6 mCi from ingestion alone will give a 5 Rem dose).  Annual limit of intake via ingestion is 0.4 mCi (400  Ci). (this means that a total burden in the body from the lungs alone of 0.4 mCi will give a 5 Rem dose).

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)   Uptakes of phosphorus are assumed to be retained with a biological half-life of 0.5 days(*). Of this phosphorus: 15% is rapidly excreted, 15% is retained in intracellular fluids with a biological half-life of 2 days; 40% is retained in soft tissue with a biological half-life of 19 days; and 30% retained permanently in mineral bone where 32P is reduced by radioactive decay(*). * ICRP Publication 30, Part 2, Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides byWorkers. Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1979.

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)  Dose to skin (Rem per hour)( cm 2 per uCi) is: 6.03 Rem cm 2 /hr uCi for bare skin 6.03 Rem cm 2 /hr uCi for bare skin (ex. 10 uCi over 2 cm 2 of bare skin would give a dose rate of [6.03][10/2] = Rem/hr. (ex. 10 uCi over 2 cm 2 of bare skin would give a dose rate of [6.03][10/2] = Rem/hr. 4.7 Rem cm 2 /hr uCi to the skin if the contamination is on a glove. 4.7 Rem cm 2 /hr uCi to the skin if the contamination is on a glove. 2.9 Rem cm 2 /hr uCi to the skin if the contamination is on the lab coat sleeve. 2.9 Rem cm 2 /hr uCi to the skin if the contamination is on the lab coat sleeve. Remember, your Annual allowed skin dose is 50 Rem

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)  Contamination is controlled and surveyed by geiger counter.  Can be detected with a Geiger Counter at ~ 80% efficiency ( 8 in 10 betas are detected).  For 32 P, the liquid scintillation counter has a maximum efficiency of ~ 99%.  Due to the “Bremstralung effect” of the betas, scintillation fluid is not necessary to detect 32 P in a liquid scintillation counter though the efficiency will be low and it will show up in the tritium channel.

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)  PPE consists of: Plastic beta shields Plastic beta shields Lab coat Lab coat Safety glasses/splash goggles Safety glasses/splash goggles Gloves Gloves Closed to shoes Closed to shoes Long pants Long pants

Isotopes Phosphorus ( 32 P)  When using 32 P in activities of greater than 1.0 mCi, you must use: Plexiglass/plastic “Beta Shields” for protection. Plexiglass/plastic “Beta Shields” for protection. Safety glasses, Safety glasses, Tongs, Tongs, Ring dosimeters and Ring dosimeters and Wrist badges Wrist badges

Detecting and Measuring Radiation  Instruments GM Survey Meter (Geiger counter) GM Survey Meter (Geiger counter) Measure exposure rate - Ion Chamber Measure exposure rate - Ion Chamber  Personal Dosimeters - measure doses to staff Radiation Badge - Film/TLD Radiation Badge - Film/TLD Self reading dosimeter (analog & digital) Self reading dosimeter (analog & digital)

Body Badge Location Between Neck and Waist Closest to Source of Radiation Source Badge

Ring Badge Location Your Ring Badge will come with your name on it. Wear the badge with the name plate facing the source of radiation.

The Contamination Survey Perform a quick GM counter survey at least every 10 minutes during a procedure. You should check:  Gloves  work surface  Instruments handled

Final Contamination Survey Perform a thorough GM counter survey immediately upon finishing a procedure. You should check:  Gloves  work surface  Instruments handles  the floor around the work area

Final Contamination Survey (cont.)  Regular trash containers  Radioactive waste container lids  anything that was touched during the procedure  personal items (phone, notebook, pens, etc.)

Please answer the following questions as best you can. Once you have answered them all correctly, please document your name, date and the answer code on your lab’s training form. Thank you…

QUESTIONS (Select the best answer below using the mouse) When should you survey for 32 P contamination? When should you survey for 32 P contamination? AA. Before working with the isotope and then when you are finished. A BB.Once you are through working with the stock vial and after the procedure is finished. B CC. Every ten minutes throughout the procedure and a thorough survey once you are complete. C DD. Never, since 32 P is so easily detected. D

CORRECT Use the Geiger counter to survey your workspace and equipment every 10 minutes and perform a thorough survey after completing the procedure. Use the Geiger counter to survey your workspace and equipment every 10 minutes and perform a thorough survey after completing the procedure.

QUESTIONS (Select the best answer below using the mouse) When using greater than 1.0 mCi, what additional safety devices are required? When using greater than 1.0 mCi, what additional safety devices are required? AA Lab Coat A BB Properly selected glove B CC Tongs or a similar remote handling C device device DD Shielding D

CORRECT Due to the high energy of the 32 P beta particles, remote handling devices are required to protect the skin. Remember, 1.0 mCi spilled on the skin will give a dose rate of 6000 Rem/hr per cm 2. Due to the high energy of the 32 P beta particles, remote handling devices are required to protect the skin. Remember, 1.0 mCi spilled on the skin will give a dose rate of 6000 Rem/hr per cm 2.

QUESTIONS (Select the best answer below using the mouse) The Following is prohibited in isotope laboratories The Following is prohibited in isotope laboratories AA. Eating A BB.Drinking B CC. Smoking C DD. All of the above D

CORRECT This should be obvious!!!!! This should be obvious!!!!!

QUESTIONS (Select the best answer below using the mouse) What is the annual limit of intake by inhalation for 32 P? What is the annual limit of intake by inhalation for 32 P? AA. 6.0 mCi A BB. 6.0  Ci B CC. 60  Ci C DD. 600  Ci D

CORRECT Ingestion of 0.60 mCi will give a total effective whole body dose of 5 Rem. Ingestion of 0.60 mCi will give a total effective whole body dose of 5 Rem.

DOCUMENTING TRAINING Please sign and date the training form and click on the letter that indicates the first letter of your last name (ie. Farina is A) Please sign and date the training form and click on the letter that indicates the first letter of your last name (ie. Farina is A) AA. A - F A BB. G - L B CC. M - R C DD. S - Z D

Questions ??? If you have any questions while reading the Radiation Safety Procedures Please Feel Free to Contact: The Radiation Safety Office Department of Safety & Risk Management Georgia State University 11 th Floor 34 Broad Street Atlanta, Georgia

INCORRECT PLEASE TRY AGAIN Return to question Return to question

INCORRECT This is mandatory equipment for all radioisotope use. PLEASE TRY AGAIN Return to question Return to question

CORRECTBUT PLEASE TRY AGAIN Return to question Return to question

Place the number 5 in the last column after your signature & Date Thank you…..

INCORRECT PLEASE TRY AGAIN Return to question Return to question

Place the number 1 in the last column after your signature & Date Finish Training Finish Training

Place the number 8 in the last column after your signature & Date Finish Training Finish Training

Place the number 6 in the last column after your signature & Date Finish Training Finish Training