Learning Goal: Describe carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Warm-up: Please identify the main types of biomolecules in the foods pictured below Pancake butter syrupbaconorange juice

BIOMOLECULES  Biological molecules, or biomolecules, are built by joining atoms through covalent bonds.  These smaller units are called monomers.  MACROMOLECULES (large molecules)  made by polymerization -large compounds built by joining smaller ones together.  4 key macromolecules, critical for life.  carbohydrates, lipids,nucleic acids and proteins.

CHONPS: The Six Most Abundant Elements of Life  Most biological molecules are made from covalent combinations of six important elements, whose chemical symbols are CHNOPS.  Although more than 25 types of elements can be found in biomolecules, six elements are most common. These are called the CHNOPS elements; the letters stand for the chemical abbreviations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur.

CARBOHYDRATES  1:2:1 RATIO of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.  Main source of energy for living things  Monomers are glucose, fructose, and galactose  Also has structural purpose for living things. 1. Plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose 2. Animal cells store excess sugars as glycogen

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates- Glycogen

LIPIDS  Made of Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen. NOT soluble in water.  store energy  part of the cell membrane  Saturated-Solid at room temperature. No double bonds  Unsaturated-liquid at room temperature. Double bonds between carbons.  Monomers consist of fatty acids plus glycerol

LIPIDS- Cell Membrane

Proteins

PROTEINS  Composed of Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.  Monomers are called amino acids  Control rate of reactions,also function in transport and formation of bone and muscle cells.  Folded shape is important in enzyme recognition process.

NUCLEIC ACIDS  Composed of Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Phosphorus.  Monomers are called nucleotides.  Phosphate group  Nitrogenous base  Sugar  Store and transmit hereditary information.  ex. DNA, RNA

Nucleic Acids