Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters and Amides. Naming Anhydrides Drop the word acid and say anhydride.

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Presentation transcript:

Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters and Amides

Naming Anhydrides Drop the word acid and say anhydride

Naming Esters Name the alkyl group bonded to the oxygen Then name the acid part but change the ending from oic acid to oate

Naming Amides Drop the oic acid part and say amide

Formation of Esters

Amides: Preparation Addition of ammonia results in an ammonium salt: ammonium salt Heating will remove a water and give the Amid This is not the most common way

Formation of Amides Anhydride + amine = amide + acid Do The YouTube

Reactions Hydrolysis of esters with acid Hydrolysis of esters with base (saponification) Reaction of Anhydrides with Alcohol Reaction of Esters with ammonia

Hydrolysis of Ester with Acid Hydrolysis breaks a carboxyl bond by addition of water, alcohol, or amine

Hydrolysis of Esters Hydrolysis = Reverse of esterification –Acid or base catalyzed –Produces acid and alcohol 1 o alcohol B

Hydrolysis of Esters with Base Base catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) 1 o alcohol B

Reaction of Anhydrides with Alcohols EsterAcid

Reaction of Esters with Ammonia

Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid The phosphorus structure is very common in biological systems For example - the phosphate portion of DNA B anhydride form H 3 PO 4

Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid B

Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid –Contain HIGH ENERGY bonds (linkages) Release of energy when broken B

Phosphoric Anhydrides Anhydrides of Phosphoric Acid –Esters found in Biochem reactions –ATP, ADP, etc. 1 o alcohol B As these bonds break, energy is released.