Chapter 7: Ionic and Metallic Bonding

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7: Ionic and Metallic Bonding

Section 7.1: Ions

Valence Electrons Electrons that are in the highest occupied energy level of an atom. Mostly determine the chemical properties of an element Valence electrons are usually the only electrons involved in a chemical bond.

How many valence electrons? Look at the family (or column) it is in on the Periodic Table. Family 1 has 1 electron Family 2 has 2 electrons…etc. 1 8 H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn or 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 Na

Electron Dot Structure (a.k.a. Lewis Dot Diagram) How do you draw Electron Dot Structures? Write the element symbol. Determine what family it is in. Na Then…put dots around the symbol to represent the valence electrons. Na

Practice these: B Ne

The Octet Rule Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons to achieve the electron configuration of a noble gas (8 e-) Noble gas configuration is 8 electrons in its highest orbital: ns2np6 Exception is H and He: only 2 electrons to fill highest orbital

Cation Cations Definition: A positively charged ion. Has a + sign in word. Cation is an atom that has LOST electrons. Naming: element name (NO change) Add word “ion”

Examples of Cations Li+1 Lithium ion Na+1 Sodium ion Mg+2 Magnesium ion

Anion Anions Definition: A negatively charged ion. Letter “A” has negative sign Anion is an atom that has GAINED electrons. Naming: Change end of element to ”-ide” Add word “ion”

Examples of Anions Br-1 Bromide ion O-2 Oxide ion Cl-1 Chloride ion

Section 7.2: Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds

Review… Magnesium # of valence electrons 2 Gain or lose to achieve octet? lose 2 Most stable ion formed: Mg+2 Cation or Anion? Positive, so it’s a cation

Ionic Compounds: Compounds made up of metal cation and nonmetal anions.

Ionic Bonds The electrostatic force that holds ions together. Positive cations and negative anions attract each other.

Chemical formula: Li2O NaCl H2SO4 Shows the number and kinds of elements in a compound. Always written with symbols and subscripts. For example: Li2O NaCl H2SO4

Electron Dot Structure and Ionic Bonds Sodium and Iodine

Naming Ionic Compounds 3 rules: Name of cation stays the same. Change the end of the anion to “-ide” If there is a polyatomic ion, the name doesn’t change. (see chart on page 192)

Electron Dot Structure and Ionic Bonds Magnesium and Sulfur

Electron Dot Structure and Ionic Bonds Potassium and Phosphorus

Electron Dot Structure and Ionic Bonds Aluminum and Oxygen

Properties of Ionic Compounds Crystalline solids at room temperature. Generally have a high melting point (the elements are highly attracted to each other so they are hard to separate). They conduct an electric current when melted or dissolved.