Philosopher who believed that:  There are 4 elements: earth, water, air, fire.  Matter is divisible.

 First atomic theory  Atom (indivisible).

Aiming to:  Change common metals to gold.  Develop medicines. Developed lab equipment. Mystical.

 Father of the scientific method (along with the Englishman Francis Bacon 1500’s).

 Regarded as the Father of Chemistry.  Designed equipment.  Used observations and measurements.  Discovered nitrogen.

 First Periodic Table of elements.

Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes Are the building blocks of matter 112 elements known today Examples: carbon gold calcium LecturePLUS Timberlake8

Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalize the first letter only Examples: C carbon Cocobalt N nitrogenCacalcium F fluorine Br bromine O oxygen Mg magnesium LecturePLUS Timberlake9

ElementSymbolLatin name CopperCucuprum GoldAuaurum LeadPbplumbum MercuryHghydrargyrum PotassiumKkalium SilverAgargentum SodiumNanatrium TinSnstannum LecturePLUS Timberlake10

O65.0 %K 0.34 C18.0S 0.26 H10.0Na 0.14 N 3.0Cl 0.14 Ca 1.4Fe P 1.0 Zn Mg 0.50 Trace Elements As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V LecturePLUS Timberlake11

Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 1) C2) Ca3) CA B. Sulfur 1) S2) Sl3) Su C. Iron 1) Ir2) FE3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake12

Select the correct symbol for each: A. Calcium 2) Ca B. Sulfur 1) S C. Iron 3) Fe LecturePLUS Timberlake13

Select the correct name for each: A. N 1) neon2) nitrogen 3) nickel B. P 1) potassium2) phogiston 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver2) agean3) gold LecturePLUS Timberlake14

Select the correct name for each: A. N 2) nitrogen B. P 3) phosphorus C. Ag 1) silver LecturePLUS Timberlake15

The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties. LecturePLUS Timberlake16

The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance. Color Size Shape Density Freezing and Boiling Points Odor LecturePLUS Timberlake17

Atomic Number Atomic Number –Equal to # protons = # electrons –Periodic Table is arranged by this number Symbol Symbol –“Shorthand” for the element – Note 2 nd letter is always lowercase Atomic Mass Number Atomic Mass Number –Total AVERAGE mass of Protons + Neutrons + Electrons 17 Cl 35. 5

 Electrons are arranged in “Shells” around nucleus in predictable locations  Fill “seats” closest to nucleus first (concert – best seats)  “Seats” available ◦ Shell #12 electrons ◦ Shell #28 electrons ◦ Shell #38 electrons ◦ Shell #4 18 electrons ◦ Shell #5 32 electrons ◦ Shell #650 electrons  Ex. Carbon has 6 total electrons so… Two electrons on first energy level Four electrons on second energy level Question: Could we fit more electrons on the second energy level if there were more electrons in carbon??

17 Cl Total Mass of Nucleus = 18 neutrons Element Name Chlorine Total # of protons and electrons (in a neutral atom) 17 protons in nucleus 17 electrons orbiting nucleus Notice: electrons follow energy level rules from previous slide. (Round Atomic Mass)

Vertical columns on the periodic table Similar physical properties Similar chemical properties LecturePLUS Timberlake22

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Group 1Alkali Metals Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals Group 7 Halogens Group 8Noble Gases LecturePLUS Timberlake24

LecturePLUS Timberlake25 A l m k e a t l a i l s AlkalineAlkaline HalogensHalogens I G n a e s r e t s

Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8. Numbered 1, 2, 3, …. Include representative elements and transition elements LecturePLUS Timberlake26

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