Unit XIV - The Protestant Reformation and the Bubonic Plague The Protestant Religions, 1 – 18 The Bubonic Plague, Copyright 2006; C. Pettinato, RCS High School, All Rights Reserved

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2. Causes of the Protestant Reform Movement (Reformation)  A. Why were people of the 1400’s and 1500’s questioning the authority the Catholic Church?  1. corruption of the clergy  2. concern with wealth and power  3. preoccupation with worldly possessions  4. preoccupation with worldly pleasures  5. slowness to reform

3. The Story of Martin Luther AAAA. He opposed the selling of indulgences BBBB. He was insulted by Johann Tetzel CCCC. He wrote the “95 Theses” - printed and distributed across Europe DDDD. He was urged to recant - refused EEEE. He began criticizing the tyranny of the church FFFF. He was excommunicated in 1521 GGGG. He hid from Holy Roman Emperor for 1 year

4. Martin Luther

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6. Luther’s Teachings AAAA. What were the teachings of Martin Luther? 1111. Salvation could be achieved through faith alone and not by good deeds 2222. The Bible was the sole source of religious truth not cannon law, church councils, or the Pope 3333. Priests had no special powers that believers didn’t have 4444. Rejected 5 of the 7 sacraments 5555. Abolished rituals like the mass HHHHis followers became known as Lutherans

7. John Calvin  A. What were the teachings of John Calvin?  1. published Institutes of the Christian Religion.  2. Bible sole source of truth – salvation through faith alone  3. humans by nature were sinful, people either saints or sinners  4. predestination  5. theocracy  6. strict lifestyle

8. Henry VIII – The Church of England 8. Henry VIII – The Church of England  A. Also known as the Anglican Church or the Episcopalian Church  B. How it was formed:  1. Henry’s desire for an annulment (divorce)  2. Refusal of the Pope  3. Stirred up feelings against the Pope  4. Act of Supremacy (1534)  5. Appointment of Thomas Cranmer  6. Confiscation of monastery and convent lands - excommunication

9. The Evolution of Christianity

10. The Tower of London

11. The Succession of the Tudor’s  A. Henry VIII - Anglican  B. Edward VI – short reign – Anglican  C. Mary Tudor (Mary Queen of the Scots) – a Catholic like her mother Catherine of Aragon, anti-Protestant  D. Elizabeth I – a Protestant tolerant of all religions who supported her and England

12. Elizabeth I of England  A. How did Elizabeth restore unity to the Protestant and Catholic populations of England (who had become enemies) ?  B. How did she secure her own power?  C. How did she help England?

13. Other Protestant Religions  A. The Presbyterian Church – John Knox  B. The Anabaptists – Baptist, Quakers, Mennonites, Amish  C. The Methodists

14. The Catholic Response – The Counter Reformation  A. Council of Trent  B. “Reforms”:  1. faith and good works  2. Bible a major source of truth but not the only source  3. penalties for worldliness and corruption  4. new school for a better educated clergy  5. he Inquisition  6. indulgences are allowed

15. The Inquisition – St Dominic

16. Catholic Reformers  A. Ignatius Loyola  B. St Theresa of Avila 

17. Impact Upon the Non Believers  A. How did the Inquisition affect non Christians in Europe?  B. How did it affect Jews?

18. Joan of Arc – a Famous “Heretic”

19. The Bubonic Plague  A. How and when did the plague spread to Europe?  B. What was another name for it?  C. What impact did it have on European society?  D. Why did people fear it so much?

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21. The Bubonic Plague

22. Important Terms and People  1. Protestant  2. Martin Luther  3. Henry Tudor  4. recant  5. John Calvin  6. Anglican Church  7. heretic  8. Catholic Reformation  9. indulgence  10. heresy  11. predestination  12. Inquisition  13. ghetto  14. theocracy  15. annulment  16. Council of Trent  17. Elizabeth I  18. Mary Tudor  19. Bubonic Plague  20. depopulation