The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague Chapter 14 section 4
Key Terms Avignon Great Schism John Wycliffe Jan Hus Bubonic plague Hundred Years’ War Joan of Arc
A Church Divided Pope and King collide Pope Boniface tried to enforce papal authority on kings King Philip IV asserted authority over bishops Boniface said that kings must always obey popes
A Church Divided My master’s sword is made of steel, his sword is made of words Philip held pope as a prisoner in 1303 King wanted to put him on trial Pope rescued and died one month later
Avignon and the Great Schism Philip IV had College of Cardinals pick a French bishop as Pope Clement IV moved from Rome to Avignon Pope would live there for 69 years This move weakened the church
Avignon and the Great Schism Pope Urban IV was picked an Italian Pope Urban IV was a reformer Cardinals picked a second pope Clement VII French pope in Avignon and Italian pope in Rome
Avignon and the Great Schism Great Schism- the split of the church 1414 Council of Constance tried to pick just one pope Now there were three popes All popes resigned 1417 one pop picked
Scholars Challenge Church Authority John Wycliffe-preached Jesus Christ not the pope was the head of the church Offended by the worldly wealth of the clergy Clergy should not own land or have wealth Bible not pope the final authority English translation of the Bible
Scholars Challenge Church Authority Jan Hus- professor in Bohemia taught bible higher authority then the pope 1412 he was excommunicated 1414 he was tried as a heretic 1415 burned at the stake
The Bubonic Plague Strikes 1300’s Asia, North Africa, and Europe 1/3 of the population dies Bubonic plague-deadly disease Epidemic ripped communities apart
The Bubonic Plague Strikes Began in Asia 1347 Genoese fleets arrived in Sicily with the Plague Known as black death Purplish black spots on skin From Italy to Spain, France, Germany and North Africa
The Bubonic Plague Strikes Took four years to reach all of Europe 25 million Europeans die Many more in Africa and Asia Struck every few years
Effects of the Plague Manorial system began to crumble Town population fell Trade declined, prices rose Peasant revolts in England, France and Italy Jews blamed for the plague driven from their home’s, persecuted Church loss of prestige, prayers failed, priests left
The Hundred Years War England and France fought on French soil Edward III was a grandson of Philip IV claimed French throne 1337-1453 was started by Edward Went back and forth 1421-1453 English drive out
The Hundred Years War Changed style of warfare Some warriors under chivalry Newer foot soldiers and archers
The Longbow Changes Warfare Introduced by the English First battle was Crecy 1346 English outnumbered 3 to 1 French had knights, crossbows Thousands of arrows flew
The Longbow Changes Warfare Caused a retreat and panic Knights trampled the crossbows Volley after volley Knights left on the ground Knights slaughtered by English with knives
The Longbow Changes Warfare 1/3 of French Army was killed Longbow won the day Knights would become extinct Battle of Poitiers and Battle of Agincourt
Joan of Arc 1420 French an English signed a treaty Henry V would inherit the French crown Joan of Arc- 1429 French teenage peasant Move by god to rescue France
Joan of Arc Age 13 had visions an hear voices of the saints Urged her to drive English from France 1429 Joan led a French Army Joan and a few troops charged the fort, French army followed
Joan of Arc Joan of Arc ended the siege of Orleans Charles crowned King of France English captured Joan Charles did not help her She was burned at the stake as a witch
The Impact of the Hundred Years War Ended 1453 Feeling of nationalism in France an England Fight for glory of the country King national leader Power an prestige of French Monarchs England internal turmoil, War of the Roses, fought for throne
The Impact of the Hundred Years War End of Hundred years War end of the “Middle Ages” Religious devotion and chivalry crumble Great schism Display of wealth by the church Discrediting church during plague