The Crusades

Crusades 1096-1272 AD What: military expeditions Who: sent by different popes Why: to capture the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#roots-of-the-crusades

Pope Leader of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Urban II – began 1st Crusade Coat of Arms Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

Holy Land

Jerusalem: important to… Jews Temple Mount Western Wall – part of King Solomon’s Temple Muslims Dome of the Rock Temple Mount – where the rock is Christians Church of the Holy Sepulchre The gold cost $15 million The rock Abraham almost sacrificed Isaac on & the place Muhammad ascended into Heaven from Where Jesus was crucified & buried

Muslim Turks Islam spread far from its birthplace in the modern nation of Saudi Arabia. By AD 1095, Muslim territory included land where Jesus Christ lived. Christians in that time believed Christians, not Muslims, should control their holy lands.

First Crusade 1095 - 1099 Led by Duke Godfrey who captured Jerusalem, killing Jews along the way. http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#duke-godfrey-leads-the-first-crusade The capture of Jerusalem by the Crusaders on 15 July 1099 1. The Holy Sepulchre 2. The Dome of the Rock 3. Ramparts – wall around city

Why go? Poor had a long bad spell: drought, famine, and sickness Some thought the crusade was an escape from these hardships. Also: weird sky signs beginning in 1095 - meteor shower, northern lights, a lunar eclipse, and a comet – signs from God??? Pope promised some that sins would be wiped out & they would go to heaven

Results of Crusades Crusaders did not win back Holy Lands BUT…survivors brought back new ideas: New maps New foods New medicines Desire for MORE Led to travel, trade, and Renaissance… and PLAGUE

Results of the Crusades Europeans… Learned to draw better maps Learned to build better ships Saw new products Contributed to exploration & empire building

New Maps Before the Crusades After the Crusades

New Ships Before the Crusades After the Crusades

New Products Before the Crusades After the Crusades Unflavored porridge, whole-grain stews, or unleavened bread, with a little bit of fish and eggs Clothes made of wool, linen fur, & leather Clothes made of wool, silk, linen , hemp, cotton, leather, & fur Spices: Pepper (very expensive!), cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg , ginger, saffron, cardamom, coriander, cumin, turmeric, mace fruits

Travel along the Silk Road Traders traveled from Europe to the East for silk, spices, and new ideas. They battled tribes and hardships. The Italians controlled entry into Europe and grew rich.

Spread of the Plague along the Silk Road Jews were burned alive during the Plague

1347 AD Plague reaches Europe http://www.history.com/topics/crusades/videos#coroners-report-plague Caused by a germ that lives in some kinds of rats. Fleas bite the rats and get sick. Fleas bite people & people get sick. Killed 75 million people.