Beginnings I.Aegean Area I.¾ mountains, ¼ agriculture II.Mountains protected and isolated III.City-states never united in Gov't IV.Made living by the sea V.Mild Mediterranean climate

II.Aegean Civilizations A.Minoan Civ B.C. 1.Island of Crete B.Heroic Age B.C. 1.Mycenaeans From central Asia 2.Used intermarriage for success 3.Defeated by Dorians

C.Dark Ages year period 2.No trade, skills lost, & poverty D.Archaic Age B.C. 1.Ionians created a “new” Greece 2.Reintroduced culture, crafts and skills (Homer)

III.Poets & Heroes A.Homer (700’s B.C.) 1.Blind man who composed two of the most famous Greek epics 2.Iliad & Odyssey: Takes place during and after the legendary Trojan War 3.Ancient Greek schools use his epics to teach values

TROJAN WAR BC City of Troy Paris of Troy Helen of Sparta Husband Menelaus War leader Agamemnon

IV.A Family of Deities A.Greek Religion explains why people behaved the way they did B.Greeks humanized their deities C.12 most important gods lived on Mount Olympus D.Religious festivals became part of every day life: Olympics & Drama

The Polis I.The Typical Polis A.Greek word meaning city-state B.City center with villages, fields, and orchards C.Temples located on top of acropolis D.Citizens who were small in # had rights and responsibilities

The Acropolis Athens, Greece

II.Greek Colonies & Trade A.Each polis had to send groups to expand colonies for food B.Quality trade was made between colonies and its mainland polis C.Money economy replaces barter system

III.Political and Social Change A.Economic growth changed Greek political life… 1.No more kings 2.$ rules/aristocrats B.Farmers rebelled against aristocrats for political reform

C.Armies began to rely on foot soldiers more than cavalry 1.Foot soldiers Hoplite: farmers 2.Cavalry: aristocrats D.Due to unrest, tyrannies arose 1.One man rule E.After tyrants: 1.Oligarchies v. Democracies

RIVALS Sparta v. Athens I.SPARTA A.Descendants of the Dorian's B.Conquered neighboring city- states C.Created a military society D.Life revolved around the army

E.Women treated like men F.Women had more personal freedoms but no Gov't. G.Controlled subjects for 250 years but fell behind in economics

II.ATHENS A.Descendants of Mycenaean's B.Unlike Sparta, Athens expanded its definition of citizenship C.Four rulers brought change 1.Draco2. Solon 3.Pesistratus4. Cleisthenes

III.ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY A.Constitution was created B.The Assembly was major power C.Members of the Council=500 D.Problem: only 15% of pop were citizens E.Public office required=education

WAR, GLORY, AND DECLINE 1.Reasons Ionians disliked Persians a.Thought Persians were barbarians b.Did not want to be controlled by king of Persia 2.Why did Persians attack Greece a.Greeks help Ionians rebel against Persia

3.Name 2 Greek victories over Persia a.Victory at Marathon b.Battle of Thermopylae Part 1 Part 2Part 3 Part 1 Part 2Part 3 c.Victory at Salamis

4.Components of a Athenian Home a. Courtyard with well, basin, & alter b. Dining room for entertaining c. Room for spinning wool and weaving

4.Four policies of Pericles (GOLDEN AGE) a.Delian League’s $ to build Parthenon b.Criminal offenses tried only in Athens c.City-States must adopt Athenian coinage d.Used Athenian troops to support revolts against aristocrats

5.Three factors of advantage for Sparta over Athens in the Peloponnesian War. a.Sparta received $ from Persia to build its own naval fleet b.A terrible plague weakened Athens c.Many Athenian allies were traitors and supported Sparta instead

Athens, 430 BCE In 430 BCE, during the Peloponnesian War, the plague broke out in the city- state of Athens. Of the 100,000 people living inside the city wall, 20,000 died of the plague. Bodies were piled high in the streets. Pericles, the leader of Athens, contracted the plague. He lived for one year before dying. Pericles Athens

According to the Greek historian Thucydides: “The bodies of dying men lay one upon another, and half- dead creatures reeled about in the streets. The catastrophe became so overwhelming that men cared nothing for any rule of religion or law.” Thucydides too contracted the plague, but survived. He recorded the symptoms of the plague. He claimed that it had come from Egypt. Thucydides Athens Greece Egypt

6.Four effects of the Peloponnesian War a.Population of city-states declined b.Fields and orchards destroyed c.Young men emigrated for employment d.Greeks lost ability to govern themselves

7.What three groups controlled Greece after the Peloponnesian War? a.Spartans b.Thebans c.Macedonians