Roman Republic to Roman Empire Geography of Italy Roman Republic Roman Empire Cause and Effect Charting

Physical Map Observations? Conclusions? Effects on Civilization?

Roman Republic 509 BCE– 47 CE Roman Conquest of Italy Roman State Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean 264-133 BCE Decline and Fall of the Republic 133-31 BCE

Growth of the Roman Republic City of Rome Expands 340 BCE Rome Crushes Latin States 264 BCE Rome Conquers Greek and Etruscan Cities Roman Confederation Roman Citizens Roman Allies Military Service Autonomy Advantages Roman Roads Military Strategies and Service Diplomacy Hellenistic Culture

(300 men for life pass laws) Roman Republic Governing Officials Governing Organizations Consuls Praetors Tribunes of Plebs Magistrates Senate (300 men for life pass laws) Council of the Plebs (287 BCE Pass Laws) Laws Army Centuriate Assembly Governing Officials Rome’s Social Classes Patricians Wealthy, great land owners (Latifundia), Consuls, magistrates, senators Plebians Large landowners, small farmers, artisans, merchants Citizens and voters but not officials until 300 BCE Struggle of the Orders

Decline and Collapse of the Republic Growth of Latifundia Gracchus Brothers Land Reforms Assassination 133 BCE General Marius’ Army Service for Land Loyalty to the General Triumvirate 60 BCE Crassus (Syria) Pompey (Spain) Julius Caesar (Gaul) Caesar Dictator for Life at 47 BCE Land to the poor 365 Day calendar Assassinated in 44 BCE Octavian and Antony

Roman Empire Age of Augustus 31 BCE – 14 CE Early Empire 14-180 Five Good Emperors 96-180 Frontiers and Provinces Prosperity in the Early Empire Crisis in the Late Empire Late Roman Empire

Early Roman Empire 27 BCE Emperor and Senate Emperor In Charge!! Age of Augustus 31-14 BCE Five Good Emperors 14 BCE – 180 CE 27 BCE Emperor and Senate Standing Army 150,000 Pretorian Guard 9,000 (Immortals?) Emperor’s Provinces Senate’s Governors Provinces Emperor In Charge!! Emperor abuse 10-96 Pax Romana Peace Tolerance Diplomacy Education Welfare Public Building 3.5 millions square miles 50 million people Greco-Roman Civ

Crisis and the Late Roman Empire Crisis in Rome 180-250 Late Roman Empire 284-337 Civil War Military Strongmen Invasion by Persia and Germanic Tribes Plague Decline in trade and farming Diocletian & Constantine Enlarge the Military Reorganize Bureaucracy Strict Government regulation Moved to the capital to Constantinople (Istanbul) Adopt Christianity

Cause and Effect Charting Make a T-Chart Cause and Effect using your notes for Republic to Empire

City of Rome defeats the Etruscans Cause Effect City of Rome defeats the Etruscans Republic grows and the Struggle of the Orders for equality Plebs and Pats Generals recruit the poor and loyal soldiers Octavian reorganizes the balance of power with the senate and emperor Emperors abuse their power Pax Romana Roman Republic is organized and conquers Italy with military and roads Equality legally and aristocratic families gain all the senatorial power causing divide between rich and poor Triumvirate and Dictator gain power over an expansive Roman Empire Emperors abuse their power Pax Romana through 5 good emperors and stabilization of the territory Roman Empire Trade prospers, agriculture dominates the empire, slavery exists, urbanization, Silk Road connects Rome to the Han Empire