What did the conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV, the Holy Roman emperor have to do with?

Pope Gregory VII excommunicated King Henry IV because they disagreed about who should choose church officials. Concordant of Worms says emperor loses power.

The conflict between Pope Gregory VII and Henry IV, the Holy Roman emperor, had to do with the appointment of high-ranking Church officials. The Concordat of Worms limited the emperor’s power. Pope Gregory VII forbade kings from appointing church officials Henry IV was the Holy Roman emperor who was excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII

was often constrained by the actions of During the medieval period in Europe, the political power of the kings and great nobles was often constrained by the actions of a. elected parliament b. high church officials c. the growing middle class d. organized groups of serfs

The Crusades

Who launched the Crusades?

King Richard fought against the Muslim general named Saladin The Crusades were a holy war launched by the Catholics against the Muslim Turks. King Richard fought against the Muslim general named Saladin

How did the Crusades affect the economies of Central and Western Europe?

The Crusades helped increase trade between Europe and the Middle East. It also helped end feudalism, gave kings more power, and increased technology.

What were medieval cities like?

Medieval cities were overcrowded, run by a council, dirty, and dangerous.

Power of the Catholic Church During the medieval period in Europe, the political power of the kings and great nobles was often constrained by the actions of high church officials

MEDIEVAL CULTURE

Who were the clergy? The clergy are people who had been ordained as priests

Medieval cities were? very crowded. often run by a city council. dirty, smelly, and polluted.

With a strong government in place, people in medieval Europe felt safer. As a result, trade, banking, and business prospered. A good economy meant more money to support learning and the arts and to pay for new churches and other buildings.

Church leaders and wealthy merchants and nobles paid to build large new churches called cathedrals. Cathedrals were built in the Romanesque style or Gothic style.

Romanesque Gothic

Gothic Cathedrals were famous for their stained glass windows Gothic Cathedrals were famous for their stained glass windows. These windows were picture Bibles for Christians who could not read.

EUROPE’S FIRST UNIVERSITIES Two of Europe’s first universities were in Bologna, Italy and Paris, France.

Universities were created to educate and train scholars. Oxford University I repeat, universities were created to educate and train scholars.

In medieval universities, students studied grammar, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.

(Do you like taking notes?) Students did not have books because books were rare before the European printing press was created in the 1400s. (Do you like taking notes?)

Students studied their subjects for four to six years. Then a committee of teachers gave them an oral exam. If they passed, they were given their degree.

A doctor’s degree could take 10 years or more to earn. After obtaining a basic degree, a student could go on to earn a doctor’s degree in law, medicine, or theology. A doctor’s degree could take 10 years or more to earn.

During this time period, great universities were created to train and educate scholars.

University students would learn theology or the study of God and religion.

Thomas Aquinas was a friar who believed that you could combine church teachings with the ideas of Aristotle.

He also taught that humans has certain rights that the government could not control. These rights were called Natural Law.

People began to read more as more and more books were written in their own vernacular, or language of the day.

What is the Magna Carta and whose power does it limit?

A document that limited the government’s power. Magna Carta A document that limited the government’s power.

The Magna Carta limited the power of the king. The Magna Carta forced King John, an English king, to guarantee certain rights

Why was the Magna Carta important? It stated the king and subjects have certain duties. It established a principle of limited government. It acknowledged that people have certain rights

King John was a harsh ruler of England who was forced to sign the Magna Carta by his nobles. The Magna Carta limited the king’s and government’s power and guaranteed rights to all.

What document stated the following: The king and his subjects had certain duties Established limited government That people have certain rights.

THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

England and France’s conflict was known as the Hundred Years War.

During this war, a French peasant girl named Joan of Arc helped the French seize the city of Orleans.

The Hundred Years War began when the English King Edward III declared himself king of France as well.

The Bubonic Plague was a disease that spread quickly throughout Europe killing almost 50% of the population.

The plague spread quickly because the had population grown and trade with Asia had increased.

The Bubonic Plague affected Europe by forcing wages to rise and trade to fall.

Bacteria from flea infested rats helped spread the disease quickly as well.

In the end, the Bubonic Plague also weakened the Europe’s Feudal system.

Challenges to Church Authority 10.5 Challenges to Church Authority

In order to maintain power, the Catholic Church started the Inquisition in order to stop the spread of heresy.

Heresy was any belief that conflicts with church teachings.

Many Jews were persecuted because they refused to convert to Christianity and many of them were moneylenders.

This persecution of Jews became known as Anti-Semitism.

During the 1300 -1400s, France, England, Spain, and Portugal were all involved in a war of some sort.

During the Middle Ages, the Iberian Peninsula was ruled over by the Muslims even though most citizens were either Christian or Jewish.

The purpose of the Reconquista was to end Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain persecuted both Jews and Muslims in order to make Spain a Catholic nation.