The Use and Abuse of Psychoactive Drugs Chapter 9

2 Addictive Behavior  Habits that have gotten out of control, with a resulting negative effect on a persons health.  Characteristics between a habit and an addiction Reinforcement Compulsion or Craving Loss of Control Escalation Negative Consequences

3 Development of an Addictive Behavior  Harmless or even beneficial if done in moderation  Characteristics of the additive behavior  Common behaviors  Addictions with shared characteristics  Compulsive or pathological

4 Examples of Additive Behaviors  Compulsion or Pathological Gambling  Sex and Love addiction  Compulsive spending or shopping  Internet addiction

5 Drug use, Abuse and Dependence  The Drug Tradition Drug abuse and Dependence APA - substance = Drug, Substance dependence = addiction Involves Abuse of substance without physically dependent

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7 Drug Dependence  Substance dependence 1. Developing tolerance 2. Experiencing withdrawal 3. Taking in larger amounts 4. Expressing a persistent desire to cut down 5. Spending great deal of time obtaining 6. Giving up or reducing important activities 7. Continual usage even with recognition of a problem 8. Diagnosed with at least 3 or more symptoms 9. Experience tolerance or withdrawal without being considered dependent

8 Reasons for Drug Use  Who uses drugs?  Young people are drawn  Experiment  Escape  Reliance  Magnification of residence  Why do people use drugs?  Risk factors for Dependence

9 Four Categories of Factors Determine How a Drug Will Affect the Body 1. Brain chemistry 2. Drug factor: Pharmacological properties Dose-Response function Time-action function Drug use history Method of use 3. User Factor 4. Social Factors

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11 Psychoactive Drugs  Opiods (narcotics) Natural or synthetic Methods of administration Induce euphoria Symptoms of overdose

12 Psychoactive Drugs  Central Nervous System Depressants Sedative-hypnotics Effects on the body Types Effects Medical uses From use to abuse

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14 Psychoactive Drugs  Central Nervous System Stimulants Cocaine –Methods of use –Effects –Abuse and Dependence –Use during pregnancy

15 Psychoactive Drugs  Central Nervous System Stimulants Amphetamines –Effects –From use to abuse –Dependence Ritalin Ephedrine Caffeine

16 Psychoactive Drugs  Marijuana Cannabis Sativa THC Short term effects and uses Long-term effects and uses Dependence

17 Psychoactive Drugs  Hallucinogens LSD, Mascaline, DMT, MDMA, Ketamine, and PCP Synesthia Altered state of consciousness Flashbacks

18 Psychoactive Drugs  Inhalants Volatile solvents Nitrates Anesthetics Methods of use

19 Drug Use: The Decades Ahead  Drug research  Drug costs on society financially and human suffering  Legalization  Drug Testing

20 Signs of Drug Dependence  Withdrawal  Rebellious  Loss of interest  Decline in school performance  Change in friends  Change in sleep patterns  Money issues

21 Professional Treatment Programs  Drug substitution  Treatment centers  Self-help groups and peer counseling  Codependency  Prevention

22 Role of Drugs in Your Life  Issues to Consider  What to do instead of drugs.

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