The Rise and Spread of Islam

Time period: 632-present Location: Arabian Peninsula Founder: Mohamed Holy Book: Quran –written in Arabic

Words to Know Islam submission to god Muslim person who follows Islam Allah god in Arabic Mosque Muslim place of worship

Mohamed/Muhammad founder of Islam 570-Born in the city of Mecca Mecca= busy trading city on the Arabian Peninsula successful businessman who led camel caravans along Arabian trade routes

Mohamed/Muhammad had visions of the Angel Gabriel, who told him to recite the word of god Mohamed’s teachings were collected and written in the Quran

Mohamed/Muhammad 622-forced to leave Mecca for the city of Medina this move is called the hejira he created the first Islamic city-state in Medina 630 -returned and invaded Mecca 632 -death of Mohamed

Beliefs/Traditions Five Pillars of Islam These are the main religious duties of Muslims There will definitely be a question on the Regents about the 5 Pillars, so you better know them!

Five Pillars of Islam Shadah belief in one god Salat prayer 5 times a day Siyam to fast from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan

Five Pillars of Islam Zakat giving to charity and the poor every year Hajj pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia once in a Muslim’s life

Spread of Islam Following the death of Mohamed … Islam experienced rapid expansion in Afro Eurasia Muslim armies marched across WE until they were defeated in France, Battle of Tours, 732 By the 1400’s, Muslim Empire extended from Spain to India

Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire, 7 th -8 th C 636-Damascus became capital city (ME) 638-Jerusalem (ME) 640-Cyprus (ME) 640-Alexandria,Egypt (AF) 670-Muslim blockade of Constantinople (EE)

Rapid Expansion of the Islamic Empire, 7 th -8 th C 697-Carthage (AF) 711-Toledo, capital of Spain (WE) 718- all of Spain (WE) 732-southern France until defeated at Battle of Tours (WE)

Umayyad Dynasty Capital city at Damascus (Syria, SWA) Arabic became language of many conquered people and helped unify them under Islam camel and horse cavalries were faster than traditional armies; empire expanded quickly

Umayyad Dynasty How did the Ummayads treat the people they conquered? allowed people to follow own belief systems and culture non-Muslims sometimes paid higher taxes Jews and Christians held important gov’t. positions many people converted to Islam in the late 8 th century

Umayyad Dynasty For several centuries, most people in the Islamic Empire were neither Muslim or Arab. Cross regional and cultural exchange occurred for many years among Christians, Jews, Muslims and polytheistic people.

Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey

Dome of the Rock-Jerusalem, Israel

Shah Faisal Mosque – Islamabad, Pakistan

Great Mosque at Cordoba, Spain (now a Catholic Cathedral)

African Mosque in Nigeria

Qutb Minar-New Delhi,India

Kaaba—Mecca, Saudi Arabia