Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE “What a strange couple, the two doctors - the father and his daughter - so practical and yet so fantasizing. This is not how I imagined the Jews” - Theodor Herzel, Altneuland Ha yarkon st., Tel Aviv during the 30s CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE

THE FLYING CAMEL Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv “… fly camel high up/ on the seven seas/ fly and flower/ send regards to every nation and nation/ and inform them of the Levant fair” Emanuel Harusi and Mordechi Zeira,‘The flying camel’ Poster for the 1936 levant fair

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE IMPORTED ARCHITECTURE Why was this architecture chosen? How did the architecture adapt to the new conditions? What was its cultural significance in its new context? Allenby st., Tel Aviv during the 30s

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES Similarities & Differences Modern Architecture did not grow organically in the city but was imported from outside Modern Tel-Aviv was built in the pre war years when the Modern Movement was not yet prevalent The choice of Modern architecture in Tel-Aviv was spontaneous and not a result of a governmental decision

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE "אי אפשר לחשוב על בן האדם מחוץ לתרבות; התרבות היא תוצר אנושי אך באותו הזמן בן האדם הוא תוצר של התרבות שלו" מרינה וייסמן Ha yarkon st., Tel Aviv during the 30s APRIL 1909

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE THE EARLY YEARS Tel Aviv, Reuven Rubin 1922

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Sir Patrick Geddes RAPID GROWTH TEL AVIV POPULATION Jewish immigrants arriving in Mandate Palestine Tel-Aviv plan from 1931

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE ‘Tel-Aviv realized Gropious’ dream of ‘unity in diversity‘ as a basic condition for urban quality’ Winfred Nerdinger. QUANTITY AND DIVERSITY Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s The socio-economic realities of the period The cultural climate of the ‘fifth aliyah’ The Know The ideas the architects brought from Europe The role of modern architecture as a message carrier The background for the success of Modern Architecture in Tel-Aviv

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s ADOPTATION “In a place where the movement of population depends, in a decisive manner, on invasion and addition of population from the outside, it is almost impossible to estimate in advance the necessities and to prepare a certain mode of action” Yakov Schifman, Tel-Aviv city engineer 1935

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s THE IMAGE OF PROGRESS Erich Mendelsohn, Sketch for ‘Schoken’ Depatment store, Stuttgart various architects, Tel-Aviv, 1930s

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s THE STATE - David Ben Gurion, Israel’s first prime minister Bruno Zevi wrote that in Israel “a building, before being good or bad, was wonderful just because it was there”.In fact, the first to receive an honorary doctor title from the Faculty of Architecture of the ‘Technion’ was not an architect but Israel’s first prime minister David Ben-Gurion ‘The architect of the state’.

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s DEVELOPMENT David Ben Gurion, Israelws first prime minister ‘Shalom Tower’ built in 1965 on the site ‘Gimnasia Herzelia’ ‘Gimnasia Herzeliya’ – the first school of Tel-Aviv

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s From the mid 60s until the late 80s the population of Tel Aviv-Yafo decreases continously Tel Aviv-Yafo Population CRISIS

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s URBAN RENEWAL David Ben Gurion, Israelws first prime minister

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s BUILDING RIGHTS Listed buildings in central Tel-Aviv before and after conservation and addition of new floors

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s ROTHSCHILD BLVD. CBD

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s RETURNING TO THE CITY Age distribution in Tel-Aviv % age TLVPopulation in Israel

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s BASIC DATA Total area - 52,000 dunam Residents - 371,000, 5.7% out of 6.4 m in Israel Employees – 340,000, 15% out of 2.2 m. emp. in Israel Annual GPD per person – $52,000 vs. $17,250 in Israel TA share in the GNP – 16.7% Daily commuters – 220,000 Daily commuters and visitors – 1 million people Employment floor space area – 10 million sqm. Potential additional floor space possible – 8 million sqm. Number of dwelling units – 170,000 Potential additional units possible – 70,000

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s REDISCOVERING TEL-AVIV Areas planned for urban renewal

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s TEL-AVIV PORT Tel-Aviv Port during the 30s Tel-Aviv Port today

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s SARONA Templer house in SaronaFuture plans for conservation park and business district

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s THE STATION DISTRICT Old Jaffa train station Future plans for conservation park and business district Proposed plan for the station district Work on site- August 2007

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s GREEN TEL-AVIV Areas planned for urban renewal Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s CYCLING TEL-AVIV Proposed bicycle routes Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards % U % U % U % U % U % U % U % U % U %U

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s DYNAMIC TEL-AVIV Areas planned for urban renewal Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s SOCIO ECONOMIC BALANCE Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s BACK TO SQUARE ONE Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards

Arch. Hezi Berkovich City Engineer The Municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel Dreaming Reality The first 100 years of Tel-Aviv CULTURAL SIGNIFICNCE MODERN TEL- AVIV DEVELOPMENT & CRISIS PLANNING STRATEGIES THE FUTURE Rothschild blvd., Tel Aviv during the 30s Urban linear parks along the historic boulevards