Chapter 12 © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

White-Collar and Organized Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

White-Collar Crime Violations of the criminal law committed by a person of respectability and high social status,… © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

…in the course of his or her occupation White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

The financial cost of white-collar crime is probably several times as great as… White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

…the financial costs of all the crimes which are customarily regarded as the “crime problem” White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

White-collar criminals are far less likely to be investigated,… White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

…arrested, or prosecuted than are other types of offenders White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chief criterion for a crime to be “white-collar” is that it occurs as part of, or a deviation from, the violator’s occupational role White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organizational occupational crime State authority occupational crime White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Professional occupational crime Individual occupational crime White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Corporate Crime A violation of a criminal statute either by a corporate entity or by its executives, employees, or agents… White-Collar Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

…acting on behalf of and for the benefit of the corporation, partnership, or other form of business entity Corporate Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organized Crime Historical beginnings in Italy Black Hand Mafia © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Black Hand Specialized in the intimidation of Italian immigrants Organized Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organized Crime Black Hand Especially powerful in Detroit, St. Louis, Kansas City, and New Orleans © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Mafia Roots in Sicily Organized Crime Own set of codes and laws © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organized Crime La Cosa Nostra Italian-American criminal organization Originated in Sicily © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organized Crime Prohibition Gave organized crime vital financial gains Produced unheralded wealth for the Mafia © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Activities Organized Crime 1. Racketeering 2. Vice operations 3. Theft / fence rings © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Organized Crime Activities 4. Gangs 5. Terrorism © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Code of Conduct (omerta) Governs behavior among members Unwritten Organized Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Initiation ritual Loyalty, respect, honor Organized Crime Code of Conduct (omerta) © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Obey your superiors Keep silent Organized Crime Code of Conduct (omerta) © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Black Mafia Cuban Mafia Haitian Mafia Organized Crime Other organizations © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Columbian Cartels Russian Mafia Asian Criminals Organized Crime Other organizations © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Inner-city gangs Outlaw motorcycle gangs International drug rings Organized Crime Other organizations © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

Unlawful activity undertaken and supported by organized criminal groups operating across national boundaries Organized Crime Transnational Organized Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

RICO Focused on ill-gotten gains from racketeering activity Organized Crime and the Law © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.

allows the government to seize the proceeds of racketeers Organized Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Asset Forfeiture

Money Laundering The process by which illegal gains are disguised as legal income Organized Crime © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.