8.2

 Slavery became an explosive issue, as Southerners increasingly defended it, while Northerners increasingly attacked it.  In addition, the abolition movement gained momentum in attempting to end slavery.

 Abolition  William Lloyd Garrison  Frederick Douglass

 Definition - movement to outlaw slavery that gained momentum in the 1830s  Aboltionist Movement Aboltionist Movement

 white abolitionist and newspaper editor in Boston, Massachusetts ◦ In 1831, he began publishing The Liberator, a newspaper that called for immediate, uncompensated emancipation (freeing of slaves) ◦ In 1833, he started the American Anti-Slavery Society, a group of white and black members who were committed to ending slavery

 American abolitionist and escaped slave from Maryland who became a public speaker for the American Anti- Slavery Society Eventually published his own newspaper, The Northstar

 U.S. had 2 million slaves by 1830, and by 1860, the U.S. had 4 million slaves  Most slaves had been born in the U.S., spoke English, and worked on plantations  Marriage allowed but not legally protected by law

 Plantation (rural) slavery ◦ Slaves worked from dawn until dusk in the fields ◦ A white overseer or slave driver was placed in charge of work crews to make sure slaves worked throughout the day

 some skilled jobs in cities were opened up for slaves ◦ Mill work, shipping, carpentry, blacksmithing ◦ Slave owners hired out their slaves to factory owners

 Stono Rebellion  Gabriel Prosser  Denmark Vesey  Nat Turner’s Rebellion

 (1739) – 20 slaves in South Carolina tried to escape to Spanish controlled Florida ◦ all were captured and killed, then beheaded  Sometimes called Cato's Conspiracy  Stono Rebellion Stono Rebellion

 (1800) – plotted to take over Richmond, Virginia ◦ Captured and killed

 (1820) – plotted to take over Charleston, South Carolina ◦ He and his followers were captured and killed before they rebelled

 (1831) – 80 slaves in Virginia attacked several plantations, killing 60 whites ◦ State militia captured Turner and his followers ◦ Put on trial, convicted, and hanged

 white on black violence erupted (200 blacks killed)  southern whites determined to defend the institution of slavery  slave codes – state laws passed to restrict slaves’ activities

8.3

 At the same time the abolitionist and temperance movements grew, another reform movement to give equal rights to women took root. This became known as the women’s suffrage (right to vote) movement.

 cult of domesticity – def. – dominant idea of the 1800s that married women were restricted to housework and child care ◦ no political rights for women – no right to vote

 abolition movement  education movement  temperance movement

 women became active in trying to abolish slavery

 women became active in pushing for more educational opportunities for women

 women became active in trying to prohibit the drinking of alcohol

 Significance - all of these social movements provided women with the opportunity to become active outside of the home, which helped lead to the push for increased rights

 Susan B. Anthony  Seneca Falls Convention  Elizabeth Cady Stanton

◦ Became a leading advocate for women’s suffrage in the mid to late 1800s ◦ Along with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, founded NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association) in 1890

 (1848) – women’s right convention held by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott ◦ Women there drafted the “Declaration of Sentiments” to call for increased women’s rights including the right to vote  Based on the Declaration of Independence  “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal.”

◦ Attended an anti- slavery convention in Great Britain (1840) where women were discriminated against ◦ Decided to form a women’s rights convention and establish a women’s rights movement

 Quiz  SOL Wrap Up