Warm up 2/2/2015 Monday  Use the chart above to answer the following questions: 1. Which taxonomic groups do these organisms share? 2. At which taxonomic groups do Dog and Human diverge? 3. According to the chart which taxonomic group is the most general? 4. Which two organisms are the most closely related?

Quiz tomorrow! OVER THE 6 KINGDOMS

Record these vocabulary words in your notebook.  Multicellular  Unicellular  Prokaryote  Eukaryote  Heterotroph  Autotroph

Overview of the Six Kingdoms

Vocabulary Which term means one-celled? Many-celled?  multicellular  unicellular Which term means that the organism produces its own food? Consumes food?  autotroph  heterotroph

Number of cells  Multicellular - organisms made of two or more cells.  Example: animal, plants, fungi  Unicellular - organism made of single cell  Example: bacteria, protist

Vocabulary  Prokaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a cell membrane but do NOT have a nucleus  Eukaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a membrane bound organelles and a nucleus (nuclear membrane)

Vocabulary  Autotrophic – makes its own food Examples: photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs  Heterotrophic – gets nutrients from the food it consumes

List of the Three Domains and the Six Kingdoms 1. Domain Bacteria  Kingdom Eubacteria 2. Domain Archaea  Kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Domain Eukarya  Kingdom Protista  Kingdom Fungi  Kingdom Plantae  Kingdom Animalia

Environment per kingdom (niche)  Archaebacteria - extreme environment  Eubacteria - everywhere in daily life (humans large intestine)  Protista - Pond water, land, air  Fungi -trees, ground  Plantae -everywhere (land and water)  Animalia – everywhere (land, air, water)

Kingdom and Domain Characteristics DomainKingdomCharacteristics Cell type Cell Structure Body TypeNutritionExample BacteriaEubacteriaProkaryotic Cell Wall, Peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Enterobacteria Spirochetes ArchaeaArchaebacteriaProkaryotic Cell Wall, No Peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Methanogens EukaryaProtistaEukaryoticMixed Unicellular and Multicellular Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Amoebas Euglenas Kelps EukaryaFungiEukaryotic Cell Wall, Chitin Unicellular and Multicellular Heterotrophic Yeasts Mushrooms EukaryaPlantaeEukaryotic Cell Wall, Cellulose MulticellularAutotrophic Ferns Pine trees EukaryaAnimaliaEukaryoticNo Cell WallMulticellularHeterotrophic Birds Earthworms

Kingdom Eubacteria  Bacteria can live in many places on earth, inhabiting a wide variety of habitats, including other organisms  Unicellular  Prokaryotic  Autotrophic or heterotrophic  Thick cells walls with peptidoglycan

Kingdom Eubacteria  Bacteria come in different shapes, such as round, spiral and rod-shaped.

Kingdom Eubacteria  Bacteria can cause a wide variety of diseases, such as strep throat, food poisoning and the Black Death (bubonic plague of the Middle Ages)

Kingdom Eubacteria  Bacteria also play an important role in decomposition, nitrogen fixation and human digestion (E. coli) Soybean root containing billions of bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria  Procholorococcus – an autotrophic bacterium – What does that mean about how it gets its nutrients?

Kingdom Eubacteria  Bacteria from an Nitrifying Trickle Filter (NTF) stained with acridene orange. The stain makes DNA appear yellow and RNA appear orange.

Kingdom Archaebacteria  Bacteria that live in extreme habitats, such as hot springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black smokers  Unicellular  Prokaryotic  Autotrophic or heterotrophic  Cell walls without peptidoglycan

Kingdom Archaebacteria Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water.

Kingdom Archaebacteria  Some like it hot! Bacillus infernus

Kingdom Archaebacteria  Archaebacteria can live deep in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers  There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis

Kingdom Protista  Extremely diverse group  Eukaryotic  Most unicellular, some colonial, some multicellular  Autotrophic and heterotrophic  Some with cell walls containing cellulose; some carry out photosynthesis with chloroplasts

Kingdom Protista Volvox – a colonial protist Euglena - autotrophic A slime mold Amoeba - heterotrophic

Kingdom Fungi  Eukaryotic  Most are multicellular  Heterotrophic (decomposers)  Cell walls made of chitin

Kingdom Fungi Stilton cheese Bread mold

Kingdom Plantae  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Autotrophic  Cell wall of cellulose; chloroplasts present

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Animalia  Eukaryotic  Multicellular  Heterotrophic  No cell walls, no chloroplasts

Kingdom Animalia Coral snake Sponge Flatworm Octopus Jellyfish Bear