Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

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Presentation transcript:

Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Size of Bacteria Average bacteria 0.5 - 2.0 um in diam. RBC is 7.5 um in diam. Pulopiscium fishelsoni, bacillus (80µm in diameter and 200-600 µm long) Thiomargarita namibiensis, sperical (100-750 µm in diameter.)

Shapes of Bacteria Coccus Bacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio Spirillum Spirochete

Spherical Bacteria An average coccus is about 0.5-1.0 micrometer (µm) in diameter. A. Division in one plane. Diplococcus: cocci arranged in pairs Streptococcus: cocci arranged in chains Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes,

Spherical Bacteria tetrad: cocci arranged in squares of 4 B. Division in two planes. tetrad: cocci arranged in squares of 4 C. Division in three planes Sarcina: cocci in arranged cubes of 8 sarcina

Spherical Bacteria D. Division in random planes Staphylococcus: cocci arranged in irregular, often grape-like clusters

Rod-Shaped Bacteria Diplobacillus Coccobacillus Streptobacillus

Spiral-Shaped Bacteria Spirochete Spirillum

Cell Structures Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Cell Wall Components external to cell wall Flagella Pili Capsule/ Slime layer

Cell Membrane Hydrophobic Proteins Bilayer Phospholipid Hopanoids Triclosan-enoyl transferase Hopanoids

Detection of environmental signals Membrane proteins Structural support Detection of environmental signals ToxR- Vibrio cholera Secretion of virulence factor and communication signals NodI and NodJ-Rhizobia

Membrane lipids Phosphoryl heads Fatty acids Negative-phosphatidate Phosphatidylglycerol Cardiolipin Positive-Phosphatidylethanolamine DNA interaction transporter protein Fatty acids Saturated straight chain (6-22) Unsaturated Oleic acid (cis) Cyclopropane