Cells

Warm Up Activity On page in your journal write down how many cells you have in your body. The average human person’s body is composed of around a hundred trillion cells (100,000,000,000,000). But there are even MORE cells than that living in you! You have trillions and trillions of bacteria living in you too! (Even more bacteria than number of cells your body is made of).

All living things are composed of cells Some organisms are composed of just one cell (like these bacteria you can see on this slide). Some organisms are composed of just one cell (like these bacteria you can see on this slide). Other organisms (like plants, animals, and humans) are composed of trillions of cells. Other organisms (like plants, animals, and humans) are composed of trillions of cells. To help us get a better idea of how many cells we have, let’s take a look at this video. To help us get a better idea of how many cells we have, let’s take a look at this video.this videothis video

2 major types of cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Bacteria Plants, Fungi Animals, Humans, etc.

Similarities Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid). Both have a cell membrane (a layer of lipid (fat)) surrounding it to protect it from the outside environment and control what comes in and out of the cell. Both have a cell membrane (a layer of lipid (fat)) surrounding it to protect it from the outside environment and control what comes in and out of the cell. Both have similar things in them: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, fats, and vitamins. Both have similar things in them: carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, minerals, fats, and vitamins. Similarities

Some Differences Prokaryotes are OLD!! Prokaryotes are OLD!! – Scientists think they have been around for 3.5 BILLION years! – Scientists say eukaryotes have only been around for 1.5 billion years. Eukaryotes are much BIGGER!! Eukaryotes are much BIGGER!! – In general, eukaryotes are about 10X bigger than prokaryotes.

No membrane bound organelles Has membrane bound organelles Major DifferenceS Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell No nucleus Has a nucleus

Role of the nucleus Almost all cells contain the genetic information necessary for the cell (and entire organism—if it’s composed of more than one cell) to survive. This genetic information is DNA! Almost all cells contain the genetic information necessary for the cell (and entire organism—if it’s composed of more than one cell) to survive. This genetic information is DNA! – Eukaryotes have separated this information from the rest of the cell with a special membrane bound organelle called a nucleus. (Eukaryote means “having a true nucleus”.) – Prokaryotes do NOT have this nucleus and their genetic material is not separated from the rest of the cell. (Prokaryote means “before a nucleus”.)

Today’s Activity You are going to be building a prokaryotic cell and comparing your model to a picture of a eukaryotic cell. You are going to be building a prokaryotic cell and comparing your model to a picture of a eukaryotic cell. Follow the directions to build your model. Follow the directions to build your model. After you have built it, you will compare it to the picture of the eukaryotic cell and list 3 similarities and 3 differences between the two cell types. After you have built it, you will compare it to the picture of the eukaryotic cell and list 3 similarities and 3 differences between the two cell types.

Directions Step 1: – Use a small piece of tape to tape a rubber band to your cell membrane. This is your cell’s flagella (helps the cell move). Step 2: – Use your hand to scoop 2-3 handfuls of Jell-o into your bag. This is your cell’s cytoplasm (has many nutrients, proteins, minerals and other things in it to keep the cell alive). Step 3: – Add a small handful of spaghetti to your bag. This is your cell’s DNA (codes for all the proteins your cell needs to stay alive). Step 4: – Add cheerios to your bag. These are your cell’s ribosomes (small structures that make the protein your prokaryotic cell needs to stay alive and do it’s job).

Directions

Use these pictures to answer the questions on your worksheet Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell