Cell Theory Standards and Expectations! Compare and contrast the functions and organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Part 1) Describe the role of ribosomes, ER, and Golgi in the production and packaging of proteins (Part 2) Explain how materials move into and out of a cell (Part 3) Describe how carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids function in the cell. (Part 4)

Cell Theory Part 1

Cells are observed through microscopy. STEM, TEM, SEM, (EM = electron microscope) Light microscopes all reinforce cell theory. Structures of cells as well as types of cells can be identified through the use of microscopes. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have many similarities and important differences. QUESTION! How could you tell if an alien cell was a prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Cell Theory Part 1 Prokaryotic cells “before cells” Small Bacteria No Nucleus No membrane bound organelles Circular DNA (plasmid) Divides through binary fission Eukaryotic cells “true cells” Have a Nucleus Have membrane bound organelles Undergoes mitosis DNA is linear Complex Plants and Animals

Cell Theory Part 1 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell similarities DNA Ribosomes/Protein Membrane Phospholipid bilayer (Controls what goes in and out of cell) Follows cell theory Form follows function – shape determined by job.

Cell Theory Part 1 Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? Why?

Cell Theory Part 1 Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic? Why?

Cell Theory Part 1 Prokaryotic! Very simple cells...

Cell Theory Part 1 Eukaryotic! Each circle is a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus!

Cell Theory Part 1 Bacterium – Prokaryotic Cell (TEM image)

Cell Theory Part 1 Animal Cell – Eukaryotic (TEM Image)

Cell Theory Part 1 Plant Cell – Eukaryotic (TEM Image)

Cell Theory Part 1 How are the roles of eukaryotic cells in living systems determined? List examples of cells in your own body. The cells that you have listed, how are they organized? Why is this organization important?

Cell Theory Part 1 How are the roles of eukaryotic cells in living systems determined? By their structure...form follows function... How are cells organized? Cells => Tissues => Organs => Organ systems => Organism Why is this organization important? Like cells come together to perform the same role and make organs...these organs work together to form systems which lead to the organism.

Cell Theory Part 1 Tissues are collections of eukaryotic cells that have the same function

Cell Theory Part 1 Epithelial – skin tissue, intestines Connective – ligaments, blood Muscle – inside the esophagus, heart, legs Nervous – brain, spine Each cell contributes to the function of the organ and the organ system

Cell Theory Part 1 Types of Bacteria

Cell Theory Part 1 Benefits of Bacteria - Examples Chemical recycling – fixes nitrogen in soil, decomposes organic matter to make fertilizer, some undergo photosynthesis Bioremediation – removing pollutants from soil, air, or water. Mutualism – Organisms can have bacteria live inside them to aid in digestion. Commensalism – Bacteria lives on your skin feeding off of your sweat not harming you. Genetic engineering – Using bacteria to generate insulin by altering their genetic code.

Cell Theory Part 1 Harmful Bacteria - Examples Parasitic (eats away tissues) – flesh eating bacteria Pathogenic (anything that causes disease) 1.Exotoxins - Botulism – living bacteria that releases toxins into the blood causing disease 2.Endotoxins - Salmonella – Not naturally occurring in healthy animals. Releases toxins when it dies and the cell wall breaks down causing disease.

Cell Theory Part 1 CONCLUSION! All cells follow cell theory There are 2 main types of cells (pro and eu) There are fundamental similarities between each type of cell and important differences. Eukaryotic cells are highly organized in multicellular organisms and gather according to function Form follows function in regards to both pro and eu cells Bacteria can be both harmful and beneficial in function

Cell Theory Part 1 TASKS! Draw or describe how you can tell the difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Discuss the organization of cells in multicellular organisms in how they are organized, how their functions are determined, and the types of tissues present in animals. Discuss the benefits and the hazards of bacteria. Discuss what would happen if bacteria were eliminated from the natural world. What kind of repercussions would happen? EXTRA CREDIT – Find SEM, TEM, and STEM images and bring them into class!

Cell Theory Standards and Expectations! Compare and contrast the functions and organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (Part 1) COMPLETE! Describe the role of ribosomes, ER, and Golgi in the production and packaging of proteins (Part 2) Explain how materials move into and out of a cell (Part 3) Describe how carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids function in the cell. (Part 4)