Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Chapter 18 Classification.

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Presentation transcript:

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Chapter 18 Classification

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Chapter 18 Section 1 Finding Order in Diversity Objectives Explain how living things are organized for study Describe binomial nomenclature Explain Linnaeus’s system of classification

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Why Classify Biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical manner  Taxonomy The branch of biology that classifies and assigns organisms a universally accepted name

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Early Efforts at Naming Organisms early scientific names described in details  names were too long common names - used by local people  was too confusing  too many names mountain lion, puma, cougar, panther, Indian cat

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Binomial Nomenclature Caroleus Linnaeus  Swedish botanist  proposed new system Binomial Nomenclature  each species assigned a two part scientific name genus – a Latin noun identifying organism species – a Latin adjective describing the “type”

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Linnaeus’s System of Classification Taxon  a group or level of organization Linnaeus’s system uses SEVEN (7) taxonomic levels  kingdom  phylum  class  order  genus  species

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Modern Taxonomy Phylogeny – __________ history of the species Phylogeny – __________ history of the species  StructuralInformation  Structural Information  BiochemicalInformation  Biochemical Information  Cytological Information  Embryological Information  Behavioral Information Slide 7 Updated February 1, 2004

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Kingdom Characteristics Characteristics used for grouping Cell Type – Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Body Form – unicellular or multicellular Cell Wall - composition Nutrition - autotroph or heterotroph Nervous System - yes or no Locomotion – yes or no Slide 8 Updated February 1, 2004

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Animal Kingdom eukaryotic cells – eukaryotic body form multicellular body form – multicellular none cell wall – none heterotrophic nutrition – heterotrophic  ingestion yes nervous system – yes yes locomotion - yes Slide 9 Updated February 1, 2004

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Plant Kingdom cells – eukaryotic body form – multicellular cell wall – cellulose nutrition – autotrophic  photosynthesis nervous system – no locomotion - non motile Slide 10 Updated February 1, 2004

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Fungi Kingdom cells – eukaryotic body form – most multicellular cell wall – chitin nutrition – heterotrophic  saprophytic (absorbs) nervous system – no locomotion - non motile Slide 11

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Protist Kingdom eukaryotic cells – eukaryotic body form unicellular body form – unicellular cellulose, silica, varies cell wall – cellulose, silica, varies autotrophic & heterotrophic nutrition – autotrophic & heterotrophic no nervous system – no cilia, flagella, pseudopods, spores locomotion – cilia, flagella, pseudopods, spores Slide 12 Updated February 1, 2004

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Eubacteria Kingdom prokaryotic cells – prokaryotic body form unicellular body form – unicellular peptidoglycan cell wall – peptidoglycan autotrophic & heterotrophic nutrition – autotrophic & heterotrophic no nervous system – no varies locomotion - varies Slide 13 Updated February 1, 2004

Created by C. Ippolito May 2006 Archaebacteria Kingdom prokaryotic cells – prokaryotic body form unicellular body form – unicellular peptidoglycan cell wall – lack peptidoglycan autotrophic & heterotrophic nutrition – autotrophic & heterotrophic no nervous system – no varies locomotion - varies Slide 14 Updated February 1, 2004