Design Guidelines for Maximizing Lifetime and Avoiding Energy Holes in Sensor Networks with Uniform Distribution and Uniform Reporting Stephan Olariu Department of Computer Science Old Dominion University Ivan Stojmenović SITE, University of Ottawa INFOCOM 2006

Outline Introduction System Assumptions Evaluating The Minimal Energy Consumption Evaluating The Balancing Energy Conclusions

Background The sensing data is routed to the closest sink Multi-sink can increase the network lifetime The circular sensing field with sink at the central point is the best network environment

Motivations The sensors closest to the sink have least lifetime The network is easily to be partitioned without power control

Goals Minimizing the energy consumption of network Balancing the energy consumption of network

System Assumptions(1) All sensors have no ID All sensors can adjust their transmission range All sensors are location-aware Each sensor has a maximum transmission range t x

System Assumptions(2)

System Assumptions(3) r1r1 r2r2 r3r3 r4r4

System Assumptions(4) Energy consumption model The distance of two nodes power attenuation(2~6) technology-dependent positive constant(4500)

Minimal Energy Consumption n : The number of sensor nodes T : The number of tasks during the network lifetime ρ: The density of network E i : The energy consumption of corona i n i : The number of sensor nodes in corona i

Minimal Energy Consumption r1r1 r2r2 r3r3 r4r4

r1r1 r2r2 r3r3 r4r4

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption R : 240m α: 3.5

Balancing Energy Consumption Goal: Strategy:

Determining r 1

Balancing Energy Consumption

R: 225m t x : 55m α: 4

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption in α=2 i = 2, r k = R, α= 2

Unbalanced-Energy Consumption in α=2

Conclusions Two energy consumption models – Minimal – Balanced Balancing energy consumption can be achieved by different width of coronas Unbalanced energy consumption in α = 2

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