 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Distribution Network Visibility Low Carbon Networks Fund Tier 1 project UK Power Networks & PPA Energy Omer Khan & Sarah Carter

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Project Background London Power Networks area (London) : All primary substations and more than 9500 secondary substations equipped with Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) Secondary substations RTU under-utilised Opportunity: Maximise the utilisation of existing infrastructure Voltage: 3 x phases Current: 3 x phases Total Power (kVA) Power Factor Real Power (kW) and direction Reactive Power (kVAr) Total Harmonic distortion Air temperature Disturbance recorder Analogue limit excursion events Harmonics 1-15 th Total power in kVA Power factor 1 x phase voltage Air temperature

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Project objectives: Fully utilise the capabilities of the primary and secondary RTUs. Collection of additional analogues and new functionalities. Develop and demonstrate a number of visualisation tools. Demonstrate the business benefits. Asset Optimisation, Planning, Connections, Network Operations, Control. Evaluate optical sensors (PowerSense). Project highlights: Automated analysis of existing data from 9500 substations available. RTU upgrade has started: 350 completed, to meet target of 600 by end Beta version of Distribution Network Visualisation Tool being trialled. Engagement with Business Units (Planning, Connections and Asset Management) to refine tool and start to realise benefits.

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Planning / Connections Overview of load demand: Improve connections process. Overview of load profiles: Identification of changes in load profiles with increase in LV connected generation / heat pumps / electric vehicles. Utilisation – mapping using colour pins Load profiling – variation during the day Secondary substation utilisation:

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Planning / Connections Secondary substation utilisation: Utilisation – variation with time with side by side comparison using bar charts Utilisation – duration curve

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Planning / Connections Load profiling – using colour pins on map

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Asset Management Secondary Substation Ventilation: Ambient air temperatures – colour pins on map Overview of substation ventilation: Identify sites which may be inadequately ventilated or which reach extreme levels of cold. Potential to prolong transformer asset life.

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Primary Transformer Tap Changers: Analysis of Network data – Asset Management Number of Tap Changer Operations in one day for each LPN Primary Transformer (Average 40) Tap change operating time: Identify tap changer anomalies. Tap change count: Inform maintenance frequency of tap changers.

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Operations / Planning Secondary Substation Voltage: Voltage – Load relationship High / Low Voltage investigations – colour pins on map Voltage comparison against limits Inform decisions in respect of voltage investigations. Provide information in respect of effect of LV connected generation and voltage

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Planning Secondary Substation 3Φ Voltage and Current Unbalance Current Unbalance reports – Average and Maximum Voltage Unbalance Current Unbalance Current unbalance – identification of worst case substations in respect of losses – consistent unbalance – possible mitigation – cost / benefit

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Analysis of Network data – Planning Secondary Substation 3Φ Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Utilisation Relationship with load / network configuration. Helps with RTU alarm settings with a view to obtaining individual harmonic data over defined levels/periods

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Generation Detection Solar radiation Load on secondary transformer Powersense monitoring trial:  Connected at 11kV at water supply works with generation Secondary transformer load profile:  Large PV (150kW) installation secondary substation load vs solar radiation PowerSense Optical Sensor

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Data Cleansing Data anomalies Spikes Missing data Data quality affects analysis e.g. long term maximum/average/minimum figures. Data cleansing algorithms developed to detect and remove anomalies where possible.

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Half Hour averaging of power factor – variation between leading and lagging – half hour average incorrect. Current Transformer (CT) location on one of two parallel cables between secondary transformer and LV board. RTU doubles reading – apparent unbalance if cables not sharing current Measurement observations Current Transformer Voltage Fuse Transformer Dual LV Cable/Tail

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Further engagement with business units; Additional development in respect of usability required; Investigations of additional RTU functionality in respect of alarms and event recording continuing; Integrated phase to start shortly, –interfaces with existing databases and applications e.g Asset Data, Geographical Network Data. –additional functionality to be added to application. Next Steps

 UK Power Networks. All rights reserved Thank You – Any Questions?