World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water WMO OMM WMO Inventory & Evaluation of Space-based Instruments: Using OSCAR for space weather Jérôme Lafeuille (WMO) Alain Hilgers (ESA) 11th European Space Weather Week November 2014

Talking points 1.Introduction to the OSCAR resource 2.Factual information contained in OSCAR 3.Mapping instruments to variables 4.Conclusion: potential use and collaboration opportunities ESWW-11, Liège, November

What is OSCAR ? Observing System Capability Analysis and Review On-line resource containing a description of satellite instruments and a repository of observation requirements from various WMO application areas – including space weather Scope – Initially Earth-observation (weather, climate, hydrology) – Now being extended to space weather ESWW-11, Liège, November

OSCAR | Concept ESWW-11, Liège, November

Two types of information in OSCAR/Space Factual information > 600 Earth observation or space weather satellites > 800 instruments (~ 260 space weather instruments) Regularly updated with input from agencies Mapping with target capabilities defined by WMO Expert assessments – Mapping of instruments with variables – Level of relevance of the instrument for the variable ESWW-11, Liège, November

Knowing all about satellite and instrument characteristics… 2. Factual information ESWW-11, Liège, November

Quicksearch box ( GOE… 7

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) Satellite view 8

ESWW-11, Liège, November

Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) Satellite view 10

Instrument view ESWW-11, Liège, November

Mapping with WMO-defined target capabilities ESWW-11, Liège, November

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Multi-purpose VIS/IR imagery from LEOLightning imagery from LEO Multi-purpose VIS/IR imagery from GEOLightning imagery from GEO IR temperature/humidity sounding from LEOCloud and precipitation profiling by radar IR temperature/humidity sounding from GEOLidar observation (wind, cloud/aerosol, trace gases, altit.) MW temperature/humidity sounding from LEOCross-nadir SW spectrometry (for chemistry) from LEO MW temperature/humidity sounding from GEOCross-nadir SW spectrometry (for chemistry) from GEO Multi-purpose MW imageryCross-nadir IR spectrometry (for chemistry) from LEO Low-frequency MW imageryCross-nadir IR spectrometry (for chemistry) from GEO Radio occultation soundingLimb-sounding spectrometry Earth radiation budget from LEOHigh-resolution imagery for land observation Earth radiation budget from GEOSynthetic Aperture Radar Sea-surface wind by active and passive MWGravity field measuring systems Radar altimetrySpace Weather: solar activity Ocean colour imagery from LEOSpace weather: solar wind and deep space monitoring Ocean colour imagery from GEOSpace Weather: ionosphere and magnetosphere monitoring Imagery with special viewing geometrySpace weather: particle monitoring Data Collection Systems and Search-and-RescuePrecise positioning List of the « capabilities » recorded in OSCAR 13

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Timeline for: Space Weather : solar activity 14

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Timeline for: Space Weather : ionosphere and magnetosphere 15

ESWW-11, Liège, November Expert assessments: Mapping instruments to variables From an instrument: which variables can I derive? And with what degree of relevance? For a given variable: which instruments can I use? And with what degree of relevance?  OSCAR provides first-level response based on expert analysis of instrument design features 16

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Instrument view 17

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Satellite view (e.g. GOES-R) Satellite view 18

ESWW-11, Liège, November

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 Measurement Timeline for Solar EUV flux 20

About the «Gap Analysis» by variable «Gap analyses by variable» are generated by OSCAR Convenient outlook, however with inherent limitations – Currently based on sensor design only, not actual instrument status – No consideration of data availability – Evaluates sensors individually, regardless of possible combinations «This does not replace a detailed analysis of actual instrument performances and derived environmental data records. The relevance also depends on …data quality, data availability and specific user requirements…” The OSCAR charts are a starting point for a detailed analysis ESWW-11, Liège, November

Instrument-variable mapping principle Design features e.g: Spectral bands Bandwidth No of channels Polarization Etc.. ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 XX X XX X XX X Variable 1 Variable 2 Variable 3 Variable 4 Variable 5 Variable x Variable y 22

Towards an expert system approach Instruments are currently grouped in homogeneous classes The relevant variables are determined «manually» for each class. Excellent results for Earth Observation instruments ( ̴600 instruments, in ̴200 classes) Unpractical for Space Weather instruments (too diverse). A new approach is being developed - based on the direct application of expert rules to each instrument Transparency: the rules can be submitted to external reviews Collaborative reviewing to improve the knowledge basis ESWW-11, Liège, November

Examples of rules For this Variable With this type of instrument If the following conditions are trueThen the relevance is Sea Surface Temperature Microwave Radiometer >=2 two-polarisations frequencies in 4-8 GHz >=1 multi-polarisation frequency in 8-12 GHz Very good Atmospheric temperature Radio- occultation Receiver compatible with >=3 GNSS constellations, and has 2 antennas Very good High energy Electron flux density energy spectrum Particle detector Detects electrons, in 300 keV - 8 MeV range, over 2 pi solid angle, energy resolution <10%, angular resolution <20% Time resolution < 10 s Excellent Solar wind velocity Particle detector Detects protons, in 0-10 keV, Over 2 pi solid angle, sun pointing Energy resol. <10%, angular resol. <10% Time resolution <10 s Excellent ESWW-11, Liège, November

5. Conclusions In the Earth Observation domain, OSCAR is widely used – Applications, training, research, space agencies – Support to high-level global coordination of satellite plans – Advocacy for future missions In the space weather domain, a number of instruments and satellites are recorded but not fully evaluated An expert system approach is being developed to better account for space weather instruments Opportunity to build a collaborative tool with the community, for the community ESWW-11, Liège, November

Thank you for your attention! Please visit: Your feedback is welcome ESWW-11, Liège, November

ESWW-11, Liège, November 2014 World Meteorological Organization The specialized United Nations agency for meteorology (weather and climate), operational hydrology and related geophysical sciences. Space Weather is considered a “related geophysical science” WMO headquarters, Geneva 27