IGAD REGIONAL PLATFORM FOR ENDING DROUGHT EMERGENCIES By Yufnalis Okubo IGAD Legal Counsel Office of the Executive Secretary INTERNATIONAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE IN THE HORN OF AFRICA Mombasa, Kenya 19, APRIL 2012

The Intergovernmental Authority on Development Member Countries Djibouti Eritrea Ethiopia Kenya Somalia Sudan South Sudan Uganda

Background IGADD established in 1986 in response to droughts, food insecurity and environmental degradation with a mandate to mitigate drought effects and combat desertification IGAD created in 1986-primarily to address issues of desertification and to mitigate the impact of drought on food security and rural livelihood..

Food Security Situation in the IGAD Region IGAD revitalized in 1996 and given new mandate IGAD mission is to assist Member States achieve regional integration through closer cooperation in the areas of:- Agriculture and Environment Economic Cooperation and Social Development Peace and Security Over 78% of the population is dependent on agriculture Agriculture is small-scale and dependent on rainfall

IGAD Agro-ecological Zones

IGAD recent food availability trend Million metric tons of cereals Food balance items 2006 2008 2011 Domestic supply 20.7 29.3 34.4 Requirements 25.7 33.1 39.5 Surplus/deficit -5.0 -3.8 -5.1 Food aid imports 1.7 1.1 1.6 Source:- Compiled from FAO/GIEWS

PRINCIPLES OF IGAD STRATEGY Subsidiarity Role of IGAD Facilitate dialogue among policy and decision makers Formulate/initiate/implement regional actions Lobbying/advocacy/resource mobilisation Targeting the most vulnerable Protecting the environment Partnering with non-state actors Ensuring gender equity and equality

TYPES OF IGAD INTERVENTIONS / OUTPUTS Policy development/harmonisation Information generation/sharing Capacity building Science and technology

On-going programmes/projects Pro-poor livestock policy initiative (LPI-EU/FAO) Livestock marketing capacity building (FAO) Certification of Somali livestock (SOLICEP/AU-IBAR/FAO) Climate prediction (ICPAC/USAID/WMO) Hydrological cycles observation system (HYCOS/EU) Inland water resources management (EU) Water resources assessment & mapping (ADB/OSS) Water harvesting pilot phase (ADB) Social protection for food security (REFORM/EU) Disaster preparedness facility (EU) Cross-border food trade (REFORM/COMESA) Sanitary & Phyto-sanitary capacity building (PANSPSO-AU/IBAR) Infrastructure - roads, railways, energy (EU) HIV/AIDS, malaria and TB cross-border control (IRAPP/WB)

Proposed programmes/projects Regional capacity for agric. pest and disease control Collaborative agricultural research Agricultural inputs programme (seeds, fertilisers) Early warning system for food security Developing market access information systems Drought emergency preparedness Veterinary governance (AU-IBAR) Adoption of Sheikh Technical Veterinary School (EU) Establishment of IGAD livestock centre (EU) Aquaculture development Illegal unreported unregulated (IUU) fishing control Promoting intra-regional fish trade

Early Warning In October 2010, the IGAD Centre for Climate Prediction and Applications (ICPAC) sounded an alarm – “The short and long rains were going to be below normal in most areas of the IGAD region - there was going to be a drought

IGAD There were renewed calls by IGAD and its member states The IGAD Summit & EAC decision of September 2011 gave IGAD the directive to spearhead the initiative to enhance drought disaster resilience

IGAD Objective of this initiative:-to develop a new framework to manage disasters in the region in the form of Horn of Africa Regional Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Strategy, calling for stakeholders to Act Now-Act Together, and Act Differently to meet the substantial and growing risk reduction needs of vulnerable communities. This Mandate: was subsequently confirmed by the Summit meeting in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in January 2012

IGAD –AfDB meeting of September and November 2011 - 1 The study identified six key elements that greatly influence livestock production, health and marketing and thus pastoral livelihoods. The factors identified include:- Inadequate precipitation and thus availability and access to water Land use patterns and land tenure Natural resources management including range management and exploitation of natural resources therein

The IGAD –AfDB meeting of September and November 2011 - 2 Access to affordable financial resources and availability of essential infrastructure and utilities Localized and regional conflicts including conflicts over shared resources Development of supportive institutional, policy and legal frameworks

November 2011 IGAD-AfDB and Jan 2012 IGAD meetings These meetings discussed the ways and means of enhancing drought resilience in vulnerable areas of the IGAD region and especially the ASALs It was agreed that the IGAD Secretariat establishes a regional platform - hereafter referred to as “IGAD Regional Drought Disaster Platform”

The Emergence of the Regional Platform IGAD – AfDB meeting of Nov 2011 tasked IGAD to establish a “regional platform” In Jan 2012 IGAD presented an outline of a “regional platform with four level in its management structure” The participants reduced the levels to three to reduce the distance between the decision and the action and to reduce operation costs

IGAD REGIONAL PLATFORM Organizational structure O MS, IGAD, AUC, EAC/ COMESA, Devt. Partners, NGOs, Private Sector, Pastoralist & Famers organisation, General Assembly Steering committee – 30 members Platform Management Unit

IGAD REGIONAL PLATFORM Linkages with member state structures and organs O Line ministries, Authorities and quasi govt. organizations MS coordinating organ eg. RED FS, Ethiopia or ASCU, Kenya MS Management Unit

IGAD REGIONAL PLATFORM Implementation arrangement i. Member States ii. IGAD satellite organs a. IGAD Centre for Pastoral Areas and livestock Development (ICPALD) b. Conflict Early Warning Mechanism (CEWARN) c. IGAD Centre for Climate Prediction and Applications (ICPAC) iii. The private sector and civil society organizations

IGAD REGIONAL PLATFORM IGAD Regional Drought Disaster Resilience and Sustainability Platform O Purpose: Mobilize resources, coordinate and monitor interventions and knowledge management Steps to operationalize the regional platform 21

IGAD RP.Rational,Objectives and strategy Rationale: Frequent droughts and famine crisis in ASAL Efforts were focused on disaster preparedness and emergencies measures Need to prevent disasters and end drought emergencies Objectives: Strengthen drought resilience strategies and investments at the member states’ and regional level Strategy: To establish an inclusive regional mechanism mobilize resources for priority national and regional interventions aimed at enhancing drought resilience and facilitate knowledge management including sharing lessons learnt and best practices.

Create an inclusive regional mechanism which will be able to ….. Purpose: Mobilize resources, coordinate and monitor interventions and knowledge management Create an inclusive regional mechanism which will be able to ….. .... formulate common goals and strategies; …inclusively arrive at priority regional interventions /programmes with MS impact; ... mobilize financial and human resources; ...coordinate and monitor interventions at regional level; …share experiences, good practices and knowledge to improve performance.

Operationalizing the Platform Nomination of an interim Steering Committee – Jan 2012 IGAD Secretariat to call a meeting of the interim Platform Steering Committee to discuss on the operationalization of the IGAD Regional Platform and plan for the constitution and inauguration of the Platform General Assembly

IGAD RP O Interim platform steering committee Steps to operationalize the regional platform Steps to operationalize the regional platform O “Constituting” a meeting of the General Assembly Step two Outcomes: Confirm platform organs Review the five years Platform strategic plan 2012-2013 Work plan Provide guidance for the mechanisms and strategic tasks Step one Interim platform steering committee Task: Preparations and provisions for the first constituting General Assembly of the Platform 25

Steps to operationalize the regional platform Step three: Start to provide the platform’s services Regional programming Regional knowledge management Regional capacity development

...........the platform’s services IGAD RP ...........the platform’s services I Regional programming Design project(s) / programme(s) based on identified regional priorities Through an inclusive consultative process establish financing mechanisms and finance mobilization strategies (e.g. 20 Mio. EUROS with KfW) Evaluation, Lessons learnt, Adjustments, Replication, scaling up of good practices

Regional knowledge management ...........the platform’s services O Regional knowledge management Communication strategy and facilities Intranet of the platform (e-platform only for members) Internet – portal of the platform (incl. Outreach, newsletter, etc.)

Regional capacity development ...........the platform’s services O Regional capacity development Provide Capacity development on interdisciplinary drought resilience for different stakeholder groups Regional node for capacity development with IGAD member states’ “centres of excellence” Pan-African and global partnerships for science-policy interface (triangle cooperation)

I ........the way forward including operationalization of the Regional Platform I

The End Thank you!