A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 23 Foreign Policy Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations Section 2:Working for Peace Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Chapter 23 OBJECTIVES  What is the purpose of foreign policy?  What are the president’s military and diplomatic powers?  How do the powers of Congress balance the president’s authority in foreign relations? Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 Chapter 23 The purposes of foreign policy:  Maintain national security  Support democracy  Promote world peace  Provide aid to people in need Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Chapter 23 The president’s military and diplomatic powers:  Military powers—commander in chief: recommends military operations to Congress  Diplomatic powers—makes treaties: peace treaties, alliance treaties, commercial treaties; executive agreements; appoints and receives ambassadors; diplomatic recognition Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Chapter 23 Congress balances the president’s authority:  The Senate Foreign Relations Committee and the House Committee on International Relations make policy recommendations to the president.  Senate must approve treaties by a two-thirds vote.  Only Congress can declare war.  1973—War Powers Act limited the president’s power to send troops abroad.  Congress must approve all spending of public funds such as defense spending. Section 1:Conducting Foreign Relations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Chapter 23 OBJECTIVES  Why did NATO form, and what is its purpose today?  What is the purpose of foreign aid, and what forms can it take?  What alliances and organizations exist to promote international trade and economic stability, and what does each one do? Section 2:Working for Peace

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Chapter 23 NATO and its purpose today:  North Atlantic Treaty Organization—a united front against aggression by the Soviet Union and its communist allies; established 1949  Pledges an attack against one member is an attack against all  NATO’s Partnership for Peace Program— countries participate in preparation for NATO membership Section 2:Working for Peace

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 Chapter 23 The purpose and forms of foreign aid:  Provides military or economic assistance to another country  Provides food, clothing, and housing to war- torn countries.  Rebuilds factories, farms, and transportation systems Section 2:Working for Peace

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 Chapter 23 The purpose and forms of foreign aid: (continued)  Helps countries maintain their independence and become self-sufficient  Provides humanitarian aid  Peace Corps volunteers provide teaching, engineering, agriculture, and health care assistance. Section 2:Working for Peace

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Chapter 23 Alliances and organizations promoting international trade and economic stability:  European Union (EU)—seeks free movement of goods, workers, and capital  North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)— allows free trade between Canada, United States, and Mexico  Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Group (APEC)— promotes cooperation among Asia-Pacific countries Section 2:Working for Peace

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 Chapter 23 Alliances and organizations promoting international trade and economic stability:  World Trade Organization (WTO)—sets rules for international trade  International Monetary Fund (IMF)—lends funds to countries in need  United Nations World Bank—offers another way for countries to cooperate Section 2:Working for Peace

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Chapter 23 OBJECTIVES  Why was the United Nations formed, and what are its six parts?  What are the functions of the Economic and Social Council?  What are the functions of the specialized agencies of the United Nations? Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 Chapter 23 The United Nations 1945—United Nations formed to promote peaceful coexistence and worldwide cooperation; countries pledged to save future generations from war Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14 Chapter 23 Six Divisions  General Assembly—discusses, debates, and recommends solutions to global issues  Security Council—mainly responsible for peace- keeping  International Court of Justice—handles international legal disputes Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Chapter 23 Six Divisions (continued)  Economic and Social Council—dedicated to improving lives; conducts studies on world populations  Trusteeship Council—helped non-self-governing colonies; suspended in 1994  Secretariat—manages day-to-day activities and provides services Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 Chapter 23 The Economic and Social Council  Improves the lives of the world’s people  Studies health, human rights, education, narcotics, and world population  Ensures the UN works together with specialized agencies Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 Chapter 23 Functions of the specialized agencies:  Work to improve the lives of the world’s people  Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)— helps countries grow better food and increase production  United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)—extends educational opportunities Section 3:The United Nations

A merican C ivicsHOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 Chapter 23 Functions of the specialized agencies: (continued)  World Meteorological Organization (WMO)— promotes exchange of weather reports  World Bank—makes loans and gives economic and technical advice  International Telecommunications Union (ITU)—promotes electronic communication Section 3:The United Nations