Nuclear Physics

Outcomes What is the difference between alpha, beta and gamma radiation? What are the rules for writing equations of nuclear reactions? How can we make radioisotopes?

Alpha Decay 2 protons 2 neutrons No electrons Equivalent to a Helium nucleus

Alpha Decay - example Uranium-238 will decay into Thorium-234 by emitting an alpha particle Atomic number (charge) is conserved Atomic mass (nucleons) is conserved

Beta Decay An electron originating from nucleus (WTF!) A neutron turns into a proton, electron and an antineutrino

Beta Decay - example Carbon-14 has too many neutrons to be stable. Atomic number (charge) is conserved Atomic mass (nucleons) is conserved

Gamma Decay Gamma rays are a form of electromagnetic radiation, very high frequency. No charge and no mass

Gamma Decay - example Iodine-131 decays by beta AND gamma emission Atomic number (charge) is conserved Atomic mass (nucleons) is conserved

Producing Radioisotopes By process called “artificial transmutation” Example: Neutron absorption