WARM-UP: WHAT ARE SOME PARTS OF A TRAIN? HOW DO THESE PARTS WORK TOGETHER TO CREATE ONE UNIT?

Introduction to Veterinary Medical Terminology Building Blocks of Words

It’s all Greek to me! Some may say that veterinarians speak Greek, they are right! Latin or Greek Most terms used in veterinary medicine are based on Latin or Greek. Latin is the universal language of medicine and the Greeks were the founders of modern medicine.

The Linking Parts The key to learning terminology is to break down each word into parts and learn the most common roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combing forms.

Word Structure Root Word Root Word Combining Form Prefix Prefix Suffix

Root Word This word part usually indicates the involved body part. Acts as the foundation of most medical terms. There can be more than one in a word (“compound word”). Root words are like box cars, carrying cargo on a train. Without the box cars, together with the engine there is not a complete train.

Compound Words Rootword 1 + CV +Rootword 2+ SuffixNew word Heart +worm Heartworm Medi+ “o” +later+ -al Mediolateral Crani+ “o” +caud/al + -al Craniocaudal Dors+ “o” + palm+-ar Dorsopalmar

Word Structure Root Word Combining Form Combining Form Prefix Suffix

Word Structure: Combining Form Vowel commonly used: “o” General Rule 1: If the suffix starts with a consonant, connect the rootword and the suffix with the vowel “o”. Example 1: Root Word +CV Suffix New word ol o Cardi+-o- -logyCardi o logy “Heart”study of Study of the heart

Word Structure: Combining Vowel General Rule 2: If the suffix starts with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u) DO NOT USE the vowel “o”. Just attach the suffix to the root word. Example 2: Root Word+ Suffix New word osis Hepat/o-osis Hepatosis liver -disease process - disease process in the liver

Word Structure: Combining Vowel General Rule 3: If the suffix begins with the same vowel as the root word, DO NOT repeat the vowel. Example 3: Root Word+ Suffix New word ii i Cardi -itis Card i tis heart -inflammation of - inflammation of the heart

Word Structure Root Word Combining Vowel Prefix Prefix Suffix

Prefix Alone they have some meaning, but they are not complete words without the rest of the word parts. Usually indicates location, time, number, or status. This always comes at the beginning of word. They are like the train’s engine, it leads the train and announces the coming train.

Prefix Example: Prefix +Root WordNew word brady + cardi/a bradycardia “slow” “heart”slow heart (rate)

Exercise on Prefixes ________ biotic (against life) ________ thermia (high temperature) ________ horn (remove the horn)  a-, an- (without or not having)  anti - (against)  brady- (slow)  contra- (against, opposed)  de- (remove, take away, loss of)  dys- (difficult, troubled)  pyo - (pus)  hyper- (high)

Word Structure Root Word Combining Form Prefix Suffix Suffix

Suffix Written AFTER a root word to form a new word. Follows root word altering the words meaning. Determines if word is a noun, adjective or other type of word. Like a caboose, on a train, it is always comes at the end of a word.

Word Structure: Suffix Example: Root Word+SuffixNew word Tonsil+-itis Tonsilitis -itis = inflammation ofInflammation of the tonsils

Root Words 1 ARTH/O- Joint CARDI/O- Heart CHEM/O- Drug; chemical CEPHAL/O- Head CERVIC/O- Neck COL/O- Colon; large intestine CUTANE/O- Skin CYAN/O- Blue CYST/O- Urinary; Sac of fluid DENT/I- Tooth DERMA/A- Skin

Root Words 2 ELECTR/O- Electricity ENCEPHAL/O- Brain ENTER/O- Intestines ERYTHR/O- Red GASTR/O- Stomach GER/O- Old Age GINGIV/A- Gums GLUC/O- Sweetness GLYC/O- Sugar HEM/O- Blood HEPAT/O- Liver

Root Word 3 HIST/O- Tissue HYSTER/O- Uterus LACT/O- Milk LIP/O- Fat LAPAR/O- Abdominal wall; abdomen LEUK/O- White MACR/O- Large MAST- Breast MELAN/O- Black MICR/O- Small MONO- One

Root Words 4 MY/O- Muscle NAS/O- Nose NECR/O- Death NEO- New NEPHR/O- Kidney ONC/O- Swelling or Mass OPT/O- Eye; vision OSTE/O- Bone OT/O- Ear OVARI/O- Ovary

Root Words 5 OT/O- Ear OVARI/O- Ovary PHAG/O- Eating POD- Foot POLI/O- Gray PULM/O- Lung RADI/O- X-Ray; Radioactivity RECT/O- Rectum RHIN/O- Nose

Root Words 6 THORAC/O- Chest URIN/O- Urinary UTER/O- Uterus VULV/O- Vagina

Prefixes 1 A- or AN- no; not; without ANA- up; apart AB- away from AD- toward ANTI- against BRADY- Slow CO- Work Together DI- Two; Twice DYS- bad: painful: difficult: abnormal EN- Inward ENDO- in; within EPI- above; upon; on EU- good; normal EXO- out; away from

Prefixes 2 EXTRA- Outside of; in addition to HEMO- Blood HOMO- Same; Similar HYPER- above; excessive HYPO- deficient; below; under; less than normal IN- In; inside; within INTER- between INTRA- within; into ISO- same; equal MEDI- Middle MULTI- many NEO- new OVARI- Ovary OMNI- All

Prefixes 3 PAN- All PERI- surrounding POLY- many; much POST- after; behind PRE- before; in front of PSEUDO- False RE- Back SEMI- Half SUB- under; below SUPER- above, beyond TRANS- Across; Through; Beyond UN- Not; Reversal UNI- One; singular

Suffix 1 -CYTE Cell -ECTOMY Removal -GRAM Record -GRAPH Instrument for recording -ITIS Swelling; inflammation -LOGY Study of -LYSIS Breakdown, Separate; Cut -OSIS Condition; usually abnormal

Suffix 2 -PATHY Disease -PLASTY Surgical Repair -PNEA Breathing -RRHAGE Bursting with blood -SCOPE Instrument for visual examination -STOMY New opening -THERAPY Treatment -TOMY Process of cutting

You will receive several cards. Some will be meanings some will be prefixes, roots and/or suffixes. 1- Find the match for each word. 2- For each match, determine if it is a prefix, root word or suffix. 3-Place the cards on the appropriate marker in the room.

What word is the most challenging for you to remember? On a sheet of colored paper, create a picture, story or interesting way to remember the meaning of this challenging word.

Review: Word Structure Where can you find a prefix in a word? What is a Root Word? Create a compound word Where can you find a suffix in a word? What is the most commonly used vowel? a. If first letter of suffix = consonant? b. If first letter of suffix is = vowel? c. If first letter of suffix = last letter of RW?

Next slides are printables Next slides are printables

A- or AN-no; not; without AB-away from AD-toward ANTI-against BRADY-Slow DYS-Bad; painful; difficult; abnormal ENDO-in; within EPI-above; upon; on EU-good; normal EXO-out; away from

HYPER- above; excessive HYPO- deficient; below; under; less than normal INTER- between INTRA- within; into ISO- same; equal MULTI- many NEO- new

PAN-all PERI-surrounding POLY-many; much POST-after; behind PRE-before; in front of SUB-under; below SUPER-above, beyond UNI-uni

ARTH/O-Joint CARDI/O-Heart CHEM/O-Drug; chemical CEPHAL/O-head COL/O-Colon; large intestine CUTANE/O-Skin CYST/O-Urinary; Sac of fluid DENT/I-Tooth ELECTR/O-Electricity ENTER/O-Intestines (usually small intestines)

GASTR/O-Stomach HEM/O-Blood HEPAT/O-Liver HYSTER/O-Uterus LAPAR/O-Abdominal wall; abdomen MAST-Breast NAS/O-Nose NEPHR/O-Kidney OPT/O-Eye; vision OSTE/O-Bone

OT/O-Ear OVARI/O-Ovary RADI/O-X-Ray; Radioactivity RECT/O-Rectum RHIN/O-Nose URIN/O-Urinary UTER/O-Uterus

-CYTECell -ECTOMYRemoval -GRAMRecord -GRAPHInstrument for recording -ITISSwelling; inflammation -LOGYStudy of -LYSISBreakdown, Separate; Cut -OSISCondition; usually abnormal

-PATHYDisease -PLASTYSurgical Repair -PNEABreathing -RRHAGEBursting with blood -SCOPEInstrument for visual examination -STOMYNew opening -THERAPYTreatment -TOMYProcess of cutting

Terminology Day 2 Game Rotations (Play for 25 Min each and rotate): *Earn 25% of daily grade for appropriate participation during each game* - Memory Match -Pyramid -Guess Who -Dice Game

Create a Word Activity For each group there are three “dice.” Prefix Rootword Suffix Each person is to take three rolls of each dice to create three words. Write out the correct notation, including combining vowels/words and its meaning.

Terminology Day 3 Review and Quiz Begin Directional Terminology