The Endocrine System Chapter 13

Overview of Structures, Combining Forms, and Functions of the Endocrine System

Structures of the Endocrine System

Click Here to play Endocrine System animation

Adrenal Glands Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Regulate electrolyte levels Influence metabolism Respond to stress Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) adren/o (continues)

Adrenal Glands

Gonads* Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) regulate development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) gonad/o *Males: testicles (2) *Females: ovaries (2)

Secondary Sex Characteristics Click Here to play Secondary Sex Characteristics animation

Male Testicles (Testes) Primary Function Sperm-producing gland Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) testic/o

Female Ovaries Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Ova (egg) producing gland Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) ovari/o

Pancreatic Islets Primary Function Control blood sugar levels and glucose metabolism Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pancreat/o

Click Here to play Pancreas animation The Pancreas Click Here to play Pancreas animation

Parathyroid Glands Primary Function Regulate calcium levels throughout the body Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) parathyroid/o

Parathyroid Glands

Pineal Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Influences the sleep-wakefulness cycle Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pineal/o

Pineal Gland

Pituitary Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Secretes hormones that control the activity of the other endocrine glands Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) pituit/o, pituitar/o (continues)

Pituitary Gland

Thymus Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Plays a major role in the immune reaction Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) thym/o

Thyroid Gland Primary Function Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) Stimulates metabolism, growth, and the activity of the nervous system Related Word Parts (Combining Forms) thyr/o, thyroid/o

Click Here to play Diabetic Retinopathy animation

Key Word Parts and Definitions acr/o extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point adren/o adrenal glands crin/o secrete -dipsia thirst (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions glyc/o glucose, sugar gonad/o gonad, sex glands -ism condition, state of pancreat/o pancreas (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions parathyroid/o parathyroid glands pineal/o pineal gland pituitar/o pituitary gland poly- many (continues)

Key Word Parts and Definitions somat/o body thym/o thymus gland thyr/o, thyroid/o thyroid gland

Questions

Question In which organ is insulin produced? the pancreas the kidney the liver

Answer a. the pancreas

Question The thyroid cartilage when enlarged is commonly known as an “Adam’s Apple.” True or False?

Answer True. The thyroid gland is located just below the thyroid cartilage.

Question Hyperglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood. True or False?

Answer False. Hypoglycemia is an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood.

Question Which of these is the form in which the liver stores excess blood sugar? glucose glycogen glucagon

Answer b. glycogen

Answers to Learning Exercises

Chapter 13 Answers Matching Word Parts 1 13.1. adren/o 13.2. acr/o 13.3. gonad/o 13.4. -dipsia 13.5. crin/o Matching Word Parts 2 13.6. -ism 13.7. pancreat/o 13.8. parathyroid/o 13.9. pineal/o 13.10. pituitar/o

Chapter 13 Answers Matching Word Parts 3 13.11. somat/o 13.12. poly- 13.13. glyc/o 13.14. thyroid/o 13.15. thym/o Definitions 13.16. luteinizing 13.17. pituitary 13.18. adrenocorticotropic 13.19. thymus 13.20. calcitonin 13.21. adrenal cortex 13.22. glucagon 13.23. adrenal medulla 13.24. oxytocin 13.25. testosterone

Chapter 13 Answers Matching Structures 13.26. pancreatic islets 13.27. pituitary gland 13.28. pineal gland 13.29. adrenal glands 13.30. thyroid gland Which Word? 13.31. acromegaly 13.32. anterior 13.33. insulin resistance 13.34. diabetes insipidus 13.35. Cushing’s syndrome

Chapter 13 Answers Spelling Counts 13.36. luteinizing 13.37. mellitus 13.38. myxedema 13.39. progesterone 13.40. thymosin Abbreviation Identification 13.41. adrenocorticotropic hormone 13.42. antidiuretic hormone 13.43. diabetes mellitus 13.44. fasting blood sugar 13.45. follicle-stimulating hormone

Chapter 13 Answers Term Selection 13.46. thyroid storm 13.47. hypercalcemia 13.48. parathyroid 13.49. prolactinoma 13.50. fructosamine Sentence Completion 13.51. electrolytes 13.52. thyroxine 13.53. retinopathy 13.54. polyphagia 13.55. exophthalmos

Chapter 13 Answers Word Surgery 13.56. hyper-, pituitar, -ism 13.57. hypo-, glyc, -emia 13.58. hyper-, insulin, -ism 13.59. gynec/o, mast, -ia 13.60. hypo-, calc, -emia True/False 13.61. False 13.62. True 13.63. False 13.64. False 13.65. True

Chapter 13 Answers Clinical Conditions 13.66. antidiuretic 13.67. polydipsia 13.68. Addison’s disease 13.69. insulinoma 13.70. Hashimoto’s disease 13.71. anabolic 13.72. leptin 13.73. cretinism 13.74. gigantism 13.75. pancreatectomy Which Is the Correct Medical Term? 13.76. neurohormones 13.77. pituitary adenoma 13.78. Graves’ 13.79. diabetic coma 13.80. melatonin

Chapter 13 Answers Challenge Word Building 13.81. adrenopathy 13.82. endocrinology 13.83. adrenomegaly 13.84. thymopathy 13.85. thyroiditis 13.86. pancreatotomy 13.87. thyroidotomy 13.88. pinealopathy 13.89. insulinemia 13.90. adrenitis Labeling Exercises 13.91. pineal 13.92. parathyroid 13.93. thymus 13.94. ovaries 13.95. hypothalamus 13.96. pituitary 13.97. thyroid 13.98. adrenal 13.99. pancreatic 13.100. testicles